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The War At Sea (The Battle of Jutland (German plan to lure British ships…
The War At Sea
The Battle of Jutland
German plan to lure British ships into a trap, message decoded by Jellicoe and British come up with their own plan
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First, Admiral Beatty's ships fought against Admiral Hipper's
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Scheer's fleet arrived, Beatty lured it North where Jellicoe's fleet was waiting, opened fire
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British victories: Germans fled battle & rarely went to sea again, forced to use U-boat warfare which bought USA into war
German victories: 6000 British casualties vs 2000 German; 14 B ships sunk, 11 G ships sunk. German ship design/gunnery shown to be far superior
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U-boat Warfare
Began 1914, sinking merchant ships
1915, indicated any ships in British waters would be sunk (unrestricted submarine warfare)
1915, Lusitania sunk, USA outraged as some Americans died, Germany had to scale back operations
Great successes in 1917 when unrestricted submarine warfare reintroduced: April, Britain had 6 weeks of food left. USA declared war.
1918: Allies established convoy system which defeated U-boat threat. On 24th October, U-boats were ordered home.
To defeat U-boats, Britain used Q-ships, Horned mines, Depth charges and hydrophones, The Convoy System, and Raided U-boat Bases
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British Naval Blockade
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12000 ships intercepted, less than 80 got through
1916, food shortages, riots in Germany, "turnip winter"
4-800,000 died bc of naval blockade