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PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE 1536/7 (How was the rebellion dealt with? (There was a…
PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE 1536/7
Causes
Religous
was a reaction to the dissolution of smaller monasteries (occurred immediately this)
there were fears of further change to the church, e.g the closure and confiscation of jewel and plate
the first to be heard and the last to be quietened were the dissolved religious houses in Lancashire, suggesting religious reasons for the rebellion
changes considerably affected their lives e.g the new taxes on baptism, burial and marriage
Political
Henry's attempt to marry Catherine of Aragon had started this problem
Leaders of the rebellion had lost out politically to Wolsey/Cromwell
Rebels felt decisions made for the country were not beneficial to the North
They called for Mary to be made legitimate heir in order to remove the Boleyn faction from government
Economic
North suffering from poverty and hunger at this time, though often were
Rumours of new taxes on sheep and cattle
Entry fines
taxes payable to the landowner upon death of a tenant
Enclosure
affected certain areas of the revolt
Statute of Uses
this contributes to the gentry's involvement in PoG as this made it harder for them to avoid paying this duty
Factors that turned the protest into a rebellion
Robert Aske
led the rising, providing wealthy and high quality leadership
Led by gentry and nobility eg. Edward Lee, archbishop of York, and Thomas Darcy, Baron Darcy of Templehurst
Serious military threat with around 40 000 'pilgrims' in arms
Aske took York
Aims of the rebels
Mary to be made legitimate heir
Wanted broader reforms e.g. dismissal of Cromwell and repeal of unpopular Statute of Uses
The Pontefract Articles
return to papal obedience and removal of royal influence at parliament
How seriously was Henry threatened by the rebellion?
was
army of 40 000 men, could have defeated royal forces if they wanted to
henry didn't have the forces to oppose them
wasn't
Henry had put down a similar rising esarlier in the year in Lincilnshire
In the view of
Anthony Fletcher,
Henry was not threatened as Aske's aim was to persuade to grant the demands of the north, not to overthrow the King or form an alternative government
How successful was the rebellion?
was
Cromwell falls 1540
Pardon 1536 (though later executed)
delays reformation
large scale of the rising could have defeated royal powers if desired
Entry fines were reduced and a fixed rate was set at what the rebels had demanded in Dec
stopped the collection of the subsidy
wasn't
rebels slaughtered in massacre at Carlisle in Feb 1537
failed to stop dissolution of monasteries, remainder of great religious houses closed down by 1540
Cromwell survives
parliament in north never meets
Reformation continues under Edward VI
How was the rebellion dealt with?
There was a council at Pontefract on
2nd Dec
where the rebels drew up their demands in the
Pontefract articles
Thomas Howard (duke of Norfolk) met with rebel forces at the end of Oct, temporised with Aske playing for time until sufficient forces
TH on
Dec 6
made vague promises in response to PA and offered a full pardon for Aske
Aske then persuaded his followers to disperse assuming he had gained his objectives
Aske and Darcy were called to London after helping to suppress another rising, although on arrival were arrested, sent to Tower of London and eventually executed