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Geography Unit 2A (Urbanisation (Push factors (Natural disasters,…

- - - - Addiction help
      - Adult education
      - Day care for children
    - - Getting legal ownership of property
    - - Brick buildings built
      - Streets widened and paved
      - Rubbish collection
- - - - Immigrant communities attracted by low cost of housing - multicultural
      - Redevelopment presents opportunities for new investment
      - CBDs redeveloped - employment opportunities
      - Cities dealing with congestion developed innovative transport solutions
      - Importance of green space recognised
    - - Industrial decline caused a decrease in wealth, inner cities deprived
      - Deprived areas linked to poor healthcare, education
      - High demand for housing means estates sprawl onto greenfield sites
      - Rural-urban fringe under pressure from development of business parks and large shopping centres
  - - - Cardroom estate built in Manchester in 1960s, replaced old terraces that housed factory workers
      - By 1990s, estate run-down, bad reputation
      - Problems
        
        High unemployment
        
        Joyriding
        
        Burglary
        
        Drugs
        
        Graffiti
        
        Vandalism
  - - - Developed on River Mersey estuary
      - Important port for cotton, sugar and slave
      - Manufacturing industry
      - Immigrants
        
        1/4 of population Irish immigrants
        
        Different accents made 'Scouse' accent
      - Decline of docks in 1960s led to closure of 350 factories - large scale unemployment
    - - Range of culture, attracts people
      - Albert dock restored
      - Liverpool ONE
      - Creative industries - 'Baltic Triangle'
      - Transport systems - Merseytravel
      - More green space - Chavasse Park in Liverpool ONE
      - More cycle and pedestrian routes being created
    - - Inner city very deprived
      - New housing too expensive for some
      - Unhealthy lifestyles common in deprived areas - life expectancy in Toxteth over 10 years lower
      - 9% of adults unemployed
      - Derelict buildings targets for graffiti and vandalism
      - Pressure to build on greenfield
      - Waste disposal
    - - Urban sprawl - unplanned growth of urban areas into surrounding countryside
      - Greenfield built on - open spaces lost & ecosystems destroyed
      - Out-of-town developments take advantage of cheaper land - noise and air pollution
      - Demand for houses increases house prices
      - Large numbers of commuters can increase pollution and cause congestion and parking problems