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TU TP's (WW2 (Fair employment act 1941 promoted equality in employment…
TU TP's
WW2
During WW2 the National war labour board (1941) adjudicated in wage disputes and adopted a 15% cost of living wage increase formula
several states, especially SS, passed "right to work" laws prohibiting closed shops, therefore workers could choose which union to join
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However...
- The extension of rights for all workers was still not achieved by this point
- Limited in that AA were still exploited
- Women's pay still not equal to men - this was over come by hiring more women to do one mans job
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WW1
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The fed govt negotiated with unions through the national war labour board and guaranteed the right to collective bargaining
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However...
- This was limited as after the war wages fell again
- Day's increased as the 8 hour day was ruled unconstitutional
- Big employers such as Ford did not recognise unions until 1941
Merger of AFL-CIO
85% of TU members into a single unit so reduced divisions between skilled and unskilled labour and increased the chance of them being recognised by employers
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The AFL-CIO encouraged TU's to abandon discriminatory practices which decreased divisions between whites and AA/NA 's
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Meant unions were more successful in bargaining over wage rates
- Cater increased min wage to $2.65 an hour
- By 1960's the average workers income was 35% higher than in 1955 and 200% higher than 1920's
However...
- did little for women workers who were still payed less
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FDR's New Deal 1933
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- National Industrial recovery act (NIRA) in 1933 and the National recovery administration, which helped to improve relations between employers and employees with a series of codes concerning production, wages and hours.
- The Wagner act 1935 gave workers the right to elect their own representatives to take part in collective bargaining and the right to join unions
- A minimum weekly wage was established by the Fair Labour standards act of 1938.
- National Labour relations board was established, which had the power to bargain on behalf of workers
- industries that had resisted recognising unions changed their position - General motors recognised the United Automobile workers' union in 1936 and US steel recognised the Steel Workers Organizing committee in 1937
- Recognition of unions encouraged a growth in union membership, which rose from 3.7 million in 1933 to 9 million in 1938.
- the CIO 1937 encouraged whole-industry unions and encouraged ethnic groups, such as AA's to join unions
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- Henry Ford did not recognise the NIRA or Wagner Act
- The NIRA was declared unconstitutional by the SC in 1935
- Some employers, taking adv of the available workforce, intimidated workers, used violence against workers and took action to break strikes.
Unskilled workers, especially in agriculture/domestic work at the lower end of the pay range, did not benefit from the improvements.
- Women did not make gains in pay, as pay differentials were upheld by the NIRA and the fair Labour Standards act
- Welfare reforms were not always successful in helping the position of those on lower pay because of conflicts between state and fed rights
- The extension of rights to all workers had not been achieved by WW2.