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MEASLES (Differential Diagnosis (Kawasaki disease, Dengue, Syphilis, SLE,…
MEASLES
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Risk Factors
Children with Immunodeficiency due to HIV or AIDS, leukemia, or corticosteroid therapy
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Signs and Symptoms
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Rash (develops 14 days after exposure, starting on the face and upper neck, and spreading to the extremities
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Measles is marked by prodromal fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and pathognomonic enanthem (koplik spots), followed by an erythematous maculopapular rash on the third or seventh day.
Measles, known as rubeola, is an infectious disease that is caused by virus.
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Classification
Modified measles
A milder form of measles that occurs in individuals who have received serum immunoglobulin after their exposure to the measles virus. similar, but milder symptoms and signs may still occur, but the incubation period may be as long as 21 days.
Atypical measles
Occurs in individuals who were vaccinated with the original killed-virus measles vaccine between 1963-1967 and who have incomplete immunity
Physical Examination
Enanthem
Near the end of prodrome, koplik spot (bluish-gray specks or 'grains of sand' on a red base) appear on the buccal mucosa opposite the second molars.
Exanthem
Blanching, erythematous macules and papules begin on the face at the hairline, on the sides of the neck, and behind the ears.
Within 48 hours, they coalesce into patches and plaques that spread cephalocaudally to the trunk and extremities. the eruption may also be petechial or ecchymotic in the future
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Etiology
Measles Virus
A single stranded, negative sense enveloped RNA virus
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