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Physics Revision (Forces (The energy which causes an object to move, Force…
Physics Revision
Forces
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Newton's 1st Law/Law of Intertia:
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
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Specific Heat Capacity
The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C.
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Example: How much energy is needed to change the temperature of 2.5kg of lead from 20°C to 30°C?
Energy = 2.5kg x 128 J/kg°C x 10°C
Energy = 3200J
Specific Latent Heat
The specific latent heat of a substance is how much heat energy is needed to melt or boil 1kg of a substance.
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Example: How much energy is needed to melt 500 grams of ice?
Energy = 0.5kg x 334,000 J/kg
Energy = 167,000 J
Changing State
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The temperature stays the same during a change of state because the heat energy is being used to either create or destroy bonds.
When a substance is heated up, the particles begin to vibrate faster. When it is being cooled down, the particles vibrate slower (until they reach Absolute Zero, where they are not vibrating at all).
Gas Laws
Boyle's Law
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Example: The starting pressure is 10Pa, and the starting volume is 5cm3. If the finishing volume is 3cm3, what is the finishing pressure?
P1V1 = P2V2
P2 = P1V1 / V2
P2 = (10Pa x 5cm3) / (3cm3)
P2 = 50 / 3
P2 = 16.6Pa
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