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Solving Problems in Groups and Teams (Overcoming Dangers in Group…
Solving Problems in Groups and Teams
Problem Solving in Groups: When and Why
Advantages of Group Problem Solving
Commitment
Keep one another accountable
Participative Decision Making: Process in which people contribute to decisions that will affect them
Diversity
Everyone is different
Accuracy
Likelihood of catching more errors
Ex) More people to check for errors. Like when writing an essay you have other people proofread it to find errors that you couldnt find
Resources
More heads of knowledge combined
Ex) Different types of expertise
When to use Groups for Problem Solving
Is Job Beyond the Capacity of One Person?
Is there more than one decision or solution?
Is there potential for disagreement
Ex) Group planning for vacation but only two people plan. Rest of group might not be happy.
Are Individuals' Tasks Interdependent
Setting the Stage for Problem Solving
Maintain Positive Relationships
Build Cohesiveness
Cohesiveness: Totality of forces that causes members to feel themselves part of a group and makes them want to remain in that group
8 ways to boost cohesiveness
Minimize perceived threats between members
Emphasize members' interdependence
Establish shared norms and values
Recognize threats from outside the group
Recognize progress towards goals
Develop mutual liking and friendship
Focus on shared or compatible goals
Share group experience
Recognize Stages of Team Development
Conflict Stage
Ex) When members openly defend their positions and question those of others
Emergence Stage
When group moves from conflict toward a single solution
Orientation Stage
Ex) When group members become familiar with one another's positions and volunteer their own
Reinforcement Stage
When group members endorse decision they have made
Group Problem-Solving Strategies and Formats
Group Discussion Formats
Parliamentary Procedure
Panel Discussion
Moderator leads discussion
Focus Group
People that don't have say in decision making but their comments are used to come up with final judgement
Symposium
Problem Census
Use separate cards to list each ideas. Leader collects card and reads it one by one
Forum
Allow nonmembers to add their opinion before final decision
Breakout Group
Break off into smaller groups and then join back as a whole later
Dialogue
People let go of notion that their ideas are more correct or superior to others. Instead seek to understand issue from different perspectives
Approaches and Stages in Problem Solving
Structured Problem-Solving Approach
Develop creative solutions through brainstorming or nominal group technique
Brainstorming: method for generating ideas by minimizing criticism and encouraging large quantity of ideas without regard to work ability or ownership by individual members
Nominal Group Techniques: Method for including ideas of all group members in a problem-solving session
Evaluate Solutions by asking questions
Analyze Problem
Force field analysis: Method of prob analysis that identifies forces contributing to resolution of problem and the forces that inhibit its resolution
Implement Plan
Idnentify Problem
Follow up on solution
Decision Making Methods
Expert Opinion
Minority Control
Majority Control
Authority Rule
Consensus
Agreement among group members of decision
When in a leadership role, this is what I strive for
Overcoming Dangers in Group Discussion
Information Underload and Overload
Info Underload: Decline in efficiency that occurs when there is a shortage of info necessary to operate effectively
Info Overload: Decline in efficiency that occurs when rate/complexity of material is too great to manage
Unequal Participation
Pressure to Conform
Groupthink: Group's collective striving for unanimity that discourages realistic appraisals of alternatives to its chosen decision
What Surprised you from the reading? What bothered you?
I think what surprised me as well as bothered me was that there was so much to the notion of a group and team. I thought it was just working together to achieve a goal but there seems to be so much more to it.
What confused you or made you want to learn more?
What confused me was, if there was a person literally opposing the group and trying to force their own methods, whats the best way to go about that?