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Period 8 1945-1980 (KC 8.2.3 - Liberalism influenced postwar politics and…
Period 8 1945-1980
KC 8.2.3 - Liberalism influenced postwar politics and court decisions, but it came under increasing attack from the left as well as from a resurgent conservative movement
In 1960s conservatives challenged liberal laws and court decisions and perceived moral and cultural decline, seeking to limit the role of fed gov and enact for assertive foreign policies
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Liberal ideas found expression in Lyndon Johnson's Great Society, which attempted to use fed leg and programs to end racial discrimination, eliminate poverty, and address other social issues. a bunch of SC decisions expanded civil rights and indiv liberties
public confidence and trust in gov ability to solve social and eco problems declined in the 1970s in the wake of eco challenges, pol scandals and foreign policy crises
Liberalism, based on anticommie abroad and belief in gov power to achieve social goals at home, reached a high point of pol influence in the mid 1960s
1970s saw growing clashes between conservatives and liberals over social stuff, cultural stuff, power of fed gov, race, and indiv rights
KC 8.1.1 - US policymakers engaged in a cold war w the authoritarian USSR seeking to limit the growth of Communist military power and ideological influence, create a free-market global eco, and build an international security system
The Cold War fluctuated between periods of direct and indirect military confrontation and periods of mutual coexistence
Postwar decolonization and the emergence of powerful nationalist movement in Asia, Africa, and the Middle E led both sides in the Cold War to seek allies among new nations, many of which remained nonaligned
concerned by expansionist commie ideology and USSR repression, the US sought to contain commie through a variety of measures (military engagements in Korea and Vietnam)
Cold War competition extended the L america, where the US supported non-commie regimes that had varying levels of commitment to dem
Postwar tensions dissolved the wartime alliance between W democracies and the USSR, the US developed a foreign policy based on collective security, international aid, and eco institutions that bolstered non-commie nations
KC 8.2.2 - responding to social conditions and the AA civil rights movement, a variety of movements emerged that focused on issues of identity, social justice, and the environment
Latino, NA, and Asian American movements cont. to demand social and eco quality and a redress of past injustices
Despite overall affluence in postwar America, advocates raised concerns about prevalence and persistence of poverty
Feminists and homosexual activists mobilized behind claims for legal, eco, and social equality
Environmental problems and accidents led to a growing environmental movement that aimed to use legislative and public efforts to combat pollution and protect natural resources. Fed gov established new programs and regulations
KC 8.1.2 - Cold War policies led to public debates over the power of the fed gov and acceptable means for pursuing international and domestic goals while protecting civil liberties
although anticommie foreign policy faced little domestic opposition in previous years (Vietnam war inspired sizable and passionate antiwar protests that became more numerous as the war escalated and led to violence)
Americans debated the merits of a large nuclear arsenal, the military-industrial complex, and the appropriate power of the executive branch in conducting foreign and military policy
Americans debated policies and methods designed to expose suspected commies within the US even as both parties supported the broader strategy of containing communism
ideological, military, and eco concerns shaped US involvement in the ME w several oil crisis in the region eventually sparking attempts at creating a national energy policy
KC 8.2.1 - seeking to fulfill Reconstruction-era promises, civil rights activists and pol leader achieved some legal and pol successes in ending segregation, although progress toward racial equality was slow
The three branches of fed gov used measures including desegregation of the armed services (Brown v. Board of Edu, and Civil Rights Act of 1964) to promote greater racial equality
continuing resistance slows desegregation, and sparked social and political unrest across the nation. debates among civil rights activists over nonviolent approach increased after 1965
During and after WWII, civil rights activists and leaders, MLK combated racial discrimination utilizing a variety of strategies, including legal challenges, direct action, and nonviolent protest tactics
KC 8.3.2 - New demographic and social developments, along w anxieties over the Cold War, changed US culture and led to significant pol and moral debates that sharply divided the nation
Feminists and young ppl who participated in counterculture in 1960s rejected social, eco, and pol values of their parents generation = greater informality in US culture and changed sexual norms
rapid and substantial growth of evangelical Christian churches and org. was accompanied by more pol and social activism on part of religious conservatives
mass culture became more homogeneous in postwar years, inspiring challenges to conformity by artists, intellectuals, and rebellious youth
KC 8.3.1 - Rapid eco and social changes in American society fostered a sense of optimism in the postwar years
High edu opportunities and new tech expansion, social mobility = migration of middle class to suburbs and many Americans to SW (Sun Belt region emerged as a sig. pol and eco force)
immigrants from all over sought access to pol, social, and eco opportunities in the US (new immigration laws in 1965)
a burgeoning private sector, fed spending, the baby boom, and tech developments = spur eco growth