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The Cold War Divides the World (Part 2 (Fidel Castro and the Cuban…
The Cold War Divides the World
Latin America, Asia, and Africa had Third World nations
They were poor and unstable
They needed a new political and economic system
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There was a long history of colonization
Lack of technology and education
Cold War Strategies
A variety of techniques were used from the United States and Soviet Union to persuade Third World countries.
Third World Countries were backed for wars of revolution, liberation, or counterrevolution.
The KGB and CIA were part of secret activities, spying, and even assassination attempts
More on the KGB
The United States gave aid in military, built new schools, and tried to raise other countries economies
The Soviet Union gave military and technological support to Egypt and India.
Association of Nonaligned Nations
Some countries chose to stay neutral in the Cold War
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Q: Why was it hard for countries to remain non aligned?
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Q: Should the U.S. sometimes engage in assassination?
A: No because it will cause turmoil and consequences.
Alliance
Part 2
Nuclear Face-off: the Cuban Missile Crisis
Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev was convinced that the United States would not resist Soviet expansion in Latin America
Khrushchev secretly began to build 42 missile sites in Cuba
In October, an American spy plane discovered the sites
President John F. Kennedy declared that missiles so close to the U.S. main- land were a threat
Kennedy’s demand for the removal of Soviet missiles put the United States and the Soviet Union on a collision course
Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles in return for a U.S. promise not to invade Cuba.
The resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis left Castro completely dependent on Soviet support
For this support, Castro backed Communist revolutions in Latin America and Africa.
Soviet aid ended abruptly with the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991
Interdependence
Civil War in Nicaragua
The United States funded the Nicaraguan dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza and his family since 1933
In 1979, Communist Sandinista rebels toppled Somoza’s son
The United States supported Nicaraguan anti-Communist forces called the Contras
The civil war in Nicaragua lasted more than a decade and seriously weakened the country’s economy
In 1990, President Ortega agreed to hold free elections, the first in the nation’s history
Violeta Chamorro, a reform candidate, defeated him
About Violeta Chamorro
Fidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution
Cuba was ruled by an unpopular dictator, Fulgencio Batista, who had U.S. support
With the Cuban's resentment they led a revolution in January 1959
Fidel Castro led the revolution
Fidel Castro was praised at first
He brought social reforms to Cuba and improved the economy
He was a harsh dictator who suspended elections, jailed or executed his opponents, and tightly controlled the press.
About Fidel Castro
Castro nationalized the Cuban economy, he took over U.S.-owned sugar mills and refineries
President Eisenhower ordered an embargo on all trade with Cuba
Castro then turned to the Soviets for economic and military aid.
Alliance
In 1960, the CIA began to train anti-Castro Cuban exiles
In April 1961, they invaded Cuba, landing at the Bay of Pigs
The United States didn't send air support and was humiliated with a defeat
Confrontations in Latin America
Rapid industrialization and population growth happened after WW2
The lingering gap between the rich and the poor led Latin American nations to seek aid from both superpowers
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Many countries alternated between short- lived democracy and harsh military rule.
U.S. involvement in Latin America began long before World War 2
American businesses backed leaders who protected U.S. interests
They often oppressed their people
Communism and nationalistic feelings inspired revolutionary movements
The movements had Soviet support
The United States provided military and economic assistance to anti-Communist dictators.
Communism
What did the Cuban Missile Crisis reveal about the policy of the United States?
That they wouldn't stand for any threat against them.
How did the U.S. policy toward Cuba backfire?
They didn't provide air support so they were defeated and humiliated.
Confruntations In Latin America
Castro was a harsh dictator. he suspended elections, jailed or executed he opponents, and tightly controlled the press.
When Castro nationalized the cuban economy, he took over U.S. owned sugar mills and refineries.
In response, Eisenhower ordered an embargo on all trade with Cuba. Castro then turned to the soviets for economic and military aid.
Nuclear Face-off: the Cuban Missile Crisis
in July 1962, Khrushchev secretly began to build 42 missile sites in Cuba.
In October, an American spy plane discovered the sites. President John F. Kennedy declared that missiles so close to the U. S. main-land were a threat.
What did the Cuban Missile Crisis reveal about the policy of the United States?
the resolution of the cuban missil crisis left castro completely dependent on soviet support.
Soviet aid to Cuba, however, ended abruptly with the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Eventually, Castro loosened state control of Cuba’s economy and sought better relations with other countries.
This loss dealt a crippling blow to the Cuban economy
A: He demanded their removal and also announced a naval blockade of Cuba.
Removal
Fidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution
In 1950, Cuba was ruled by an unpopular person. Fulgencio Batista. He had U.S support while he was a ruler.
Cuban resentment led to a popular revolution. This was led by a young lawyer named Fidel Castro.
People praised him because he brought social reforms to Cuba and for improving the economy
When Castro nationalized the cuban economy he took over U.S, owned sugar mills and refineries.
In 1960, the CIA began to train anti-Castro Cuban exiles. In April 1961, they invaded Cuba, landing at the Bay of Pigs. The United States did not provide the hoped for air support. Castro’s forces easily defeated the invaders, humiliating the United States.
How did the U.S. policy toward Cuba backfire?
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War
Fidel Castro
Civil War in Nicaragua
Just as the United States had supported Batista in Cuba, it had funded the Nicaraguan dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza and his family since 1933.
In 1979, Communist Sandinista rebels toppled Somoza’s son. Both the United States and the Soviet Union initially gave aid to the Sandinistas and their leader, Daniel Ortega The Sandinistas, however, gave assistance to other Marxist rebels in nearby El Salvador.
To help the El Salvadoran government fight those rebels, the United States supported Nicaraguan anti-Communist forces called the Contras or contrarevolucionarios.
In 1990, President Ortega agreed to hold free elections, the first in the nation’s history.
The Sandinistas were also defeated in elections in 1996 and 2001. However, Ortega won the election in 2006 and returned to power.
Protests
When World War two was over, industrialization, populations, and lingering gap grew rapidly.
At the same time, many of these countries alternated between short lived democracy and harsh military rule.
After the war, communism and nationalistic feelings inspired revolutionary movements. These found enthusiastic Soviet support.
The United States provided military and economic assistance to anti Communist dictators.
Cuban History
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