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Monitoring and Evaluation ((Evaluation: is a systematic assessment of the…
Monitoring and Evaluation
Evaluation: is a systematic assessment of the changes in the behaviour/conditions of targeted communities and individuals
Assessment of the effectiveness of the project in attaining its originally stated intermediate and overall objectives
Whether and to what extent the project’s inputs and services are improving the quality of people's lives
Done less frequently than monitoring
More analytical
Often involve external evaluators for objectivity
Judgement, learning, merit
Conducted externally or internally
M&E concerns the systematic collection of information in order to improve decision making and enhance organisational learning with the ultimate aim of bringing about programmes that better meet the needs and lead to improvements in targeted outcomes.
WHat is the purpose of doing M&E
Monitoring
is the systematic collection and analysis of information
on programme implementation coverage and use as a project progresses
WHat monitoring cannot do: attribution and causality, (cannot adress - why or why not), Unable to consider unintended effects
Tracks perfomance
Asks what is going on?
Where to start
Programme logic - rationale or theory behind a programme
A program theory consists of a set of statements that describe a particular program, explain why, how, and under what conditions the program effects occur predict the outcomes of the program, and specify the requirements necessary to bring about the desired program effects
Under what conditions will your programme succeed Think about PIP, unpack your process, (what aspects are needed-service utilization aspects)
What is an indicator?
An objectively verifiable measurement which reflects the construct being measured eg. Women empowerment in agr should be measured accurately
Allows for both comparison - between different populations or individual
and between measures of the same populations or individuals at different time points
Validity of indicators
An indicator must be valid i.e it accurately reflects the concept it is supposed to measure
Indicators must be sensitive to change and show variation between subjects and over time
It should vary between groups eg. height in children
Internal validity: observed changes can be attributed to your intervention and not other cases
External validity: Generalizability
indicator in one place may not work in another place
What makes a good indicator, SMART,SPICED and CREAM
SMART indicators
Specific - Clear and directly relating to the outcome of interest e.g % of underweight children is not specific (more specific WAZ <-2SD 6-24 months of age over total # of children 6-24 of age times 100)
Measurable: Quantitative or qualitative indicator ( Ht and Wt are directly measurable)
Achievable - Data and information can be collected practically- compliance with the capacities of focal points eg obtaining blood samples
Relevant/Reliable: Provide information that is relevant (useful) to the process and stakeholders. it should be reliable so that whoever collects information gets the same results
Timebound/timeliness:
Time referenced - reflects change 1. inappropriate to collect info on stunting when a project is run for less than 3 years 2. Time appropriate measurements(When is the right time to measure)
Proxy indicators
In field settings, direct measures of some variables are often not feasible to gather, so measurement of proxy indicators is common
Indirect measure that approximates or represents a phenomenon in the absence of a direct measure
Simple food group diversity (dietary diversity score) as a proxy of diet quality
Household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) as a proxy for food security
CD4 count as a proxy from HIV viral load
Composite indicators
A scale or index created to measure a qualitative variable in quantitative terms
HFIAS
it has several domains, index from a set a variables then you set a score eg. BF practices
Human Development Index
Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index