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The Cold War Divides the World (Fighting for the Third World (Association…
The Cold War Divides the World
Fighting for the Third World
Due to Colonialism of countrys like, Latin America, Aisa, and Africa suffered from becoming there own countries.
Cold War Strategies
The Superpowers used any means necessary without war to rage a "Cold War" including backing revolutions, Assassinations, and the U.S gave military aid, built schools, and set up programs to combat poverty.
Third world countries also struggled for education and technology. All of these countries needed a society to build them selfs of them.
The Soviets provided military and technical support. mainly to India and Egypt.
Should the U.S. engage in assassinations?
Asking if we should engage in assassination is like asking if we should send troops to fight other troops. In some ways an assassination could prevent lives from being lost.
Association of Nonaligned Nations
Some Countrys decided to remain neutral like India, and southwest Asia.
These countries struggled to remain neutral in the war, and they got together at the Bandung Conference.
They Met to form what they called Third force of independent countries.
Why Was it hard for countries to remain Non Allied?
Since these countries have suffered from colonialism they have no natural resource or technology they can build from. Its hard to not have help when you really need that help.
Learn More?
Cold War
a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular.
Confrontations in the Middle East
Religious and Secular Values Clash in Iran
Oil industries caused a clash of Islamic values and modern Western materialism
Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi
Iran leader
Embraced Western governments and wealthy Western oil companies
Was Communism the cause of the ouster of Shah Pahlavi from Iran?
No oil was the big cause of the ouster of Shah Pahlavi. It brought in big oil companies and made Shah disappear
Iranian nationalists
Resented these foreign alliances
United under Prime Minister Muhammed Mossadeq
In 1953, forced the shah to flee
Nationalized a British-owned oil company
The United States helped restore the shah to power
Religion
The United States Supports Secular Rule
The shah
Westernized his country with the help of the United States
Ayatollahs
Tried to weaken their political influence by the shah
Muslim leaders
Ayatollah
Ruholla Khomeini
The leader of this religious opposition
Spurred by his tape recorded messages, Iranians rioted in every major city in late 1978
A triumphant Khomeini returned to establish an Islamic state and to export Iran’s militant form of Islam
More about Ayatollah
Ruholla Khomeini
Faced with overwhelming opposition, the shah fled Iran in 1979
Could the United States have gained Khomeini’s support by withdrawing aid to the Shah?
Yes because without the support of the US the Shah wouldn't have been able to do anything.
Tehran
Irans capital
Gleaming skyscrapers, foreign banks, and modern factories
Why would the government spend all their money on skyscrapers, foreign banks, and modern factories instead of helping their citizens get out of poverty?
Millions of Iranians lived in extreme poverty
What Tehran looked like in the 1950s
Khomeini’s Anti-U.S. Policies
Islam had strict "ADHERENCE", which means there is an attachment to a person, place or thing. Islam was ruled by Khomeini's domestic policies. They also hated the United States, and because of the U.S, supporting the shah was the heart of his foreign policy.
1979, younger Islamic revolutionaries took the U.S. embassy in Tehran, using the ayatollah's blessing.
More then 60 Americans where taken hostage and made the U.S. very clear that they need to force the shah to face trial. Many of those hostages stayed imprisoned for more then 444 days before release in 1981
Muslim radicals other places where encouraged by Khomeini to overthrow their governments.
They wanted muslims to unify, but the policy heightened tensions through Iran and its neighbor and territory enemy, Iraq.
Saddam Hussen
Military leader
Governed Iraq as a secular state
War started between Iran and Iraq in 1980, and the U.S. secretly help the both of them. It didn't want the balance of power in that area to change.
Iraq was being supported by another, more invested country, the Soviet Union. Many of Iranians and Iraqis had lost their lives in the war before the UN could talk about a ceasefire in 1988.
Invasion
Could the United States have gained Khomeini’s support by withdrawing aid to the Shah?
Yes because without the support of the US the Shah wouldn't have been able to do anything.
The Superpowers Face Off in Afghanistan
Afghanistan had independence for many years after WWII neighboring Soviet Union and the U.S..
1950's, the Soviet persuasion there country had had started to increase, and in the late 1970's, there was a Muslim revolt that had threatened to take down Afghanistan's Communist Regime. This lead to an invasion in 1979.
Soviets sought to prop up the Afghan Communists and withdraw. Instead, like the U.S. in Vietnam, the Soviets where stuck. Rebel forces, like the Vietcong in Vietnam, bypassed a "Military Superpower".
Afghan was supplied with American weapons called mujahideen, AKA holy warriors
To keep the Middle Eastern oil supplies safe, the U.S. armed the rebels. This was because they thought the Soviet invasion would threaten the oil.
President at the time, Jimmy Carter, had warned the Soviets that any attempt to get control of the Persian gulf. Protesting the invasion, he stopped grain shipments to the Soviets, and ordered a Boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics.
The new Soviet president, Mikhail Gorbachev, acknowledged the war's destructive costs. He withdrew his troops in 1989. By that time, internal unrest and problems were breaking the soviets upon itself.
About the 1980 Olympics and how that went down
Cooperation
Conflict
Confrontations in Latin America
Fidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution
Fulgencio Batista was an unpopular dictator in the 1950s
U.S. supported him
He was overthrown by a revolution in January 1959
Fidel Castro led the revolution
Many people praised Castro at first for bringing social reforms to Cuba and for improving the economy
Do you think these people eventually regretted their decision to praise him?
Castro was a harsh dictator
He had suspended elections, jailed/executed his opponents, and tightly controlled the press
Self-Interest
When he had nationalized the economy, he also took over U.S.-owned sugar mills and refineries
Eisenhower had ordered an embargo on all trade with Cuba in response
Castro then went to the Soviets for economic and military aid
Authority
The CIA began to train anti-Castro Cuban exiles in 1960
They had invaded Cuba in 1961 and the U.S. did not provide any support
Castro's forces defeated the invaders and humiliated the U.S.
Conflict
Leadership
Fidel Castro
Change
Revolution
Fulgencio Batista
Civil War In Nicaragua
Anastasio Somoza
Nicaraguan dictator
Leadership
Anastasio Somoza
Communist Sandinista rebels toppled Somoza's son in 1979
The US and the Soviet Union gave aid to the Sandinistas and their leader
Daniel Ortega
Daniel Ortega
The civil war in Nicaragua lasted more then a decade and weakened the country's economy tremendously
War
Conflict
Civil War in Nicaragua
The Sandinistas gave assistance to other Marxist rebels in nearby El Savador
The US supported Nicaraguan anti-communist forces (called the Contras or contrarevolucionarios) to help the El Salvadoran government fight the rebels
Nuclear Face-Off: the Cuban Missile Crisis
When the Bay of Pigs invasion failed, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev was convinced that the U.S. wouldn't resist Soviet expansion in Latin America
Khrushchev secretly began to build 42 missile sites in Cuba in 1962
An American spy plane discovered the sites and JFK declared that the missiles close to the U.S. mainland were a threat
He then demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of Cuba
This put the U.S and the Soviet Union on a collision course
People started to fear nuclear war
Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles in return for the U.S. promise not to invade Cuba
Castro was left completely dependent on Soviet support
In exchange for support, Castro backed Communist revolutions in Latin America and Africa
1 more item...
Soviet aid to Cuba ended abruptly with the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991
2 more items...
Cooperation
What did the Cuban Missile Crisis reveal about the policy of the United States?
It revealed that if Cuba would send off their missiles, the U.S. would have too. But they were afraid of all that could happen so they convinced them to remove their missile sites
Cuban Missile Crisis
Conflict
How did the U.S. policy toward Cuba backfire?
It backfired because the Soviet Union was allowed to build 42 missile sites in Cuba, which were aimed right at the U.S.
Nikita Khrushchev
Setting the stage
Post WWII the world was divided into the industrial countrys/capitalism, Communist nations, and the Third world countrys. Witch could be used during the great superpower cold war.
Revolution
The SupperPowers supported opposite sides in latin America And Middle Eastern Conflict.
Most of these areas today are troubled with political, economic, and military conflicts.
