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Digestive System (Structure (Mouth (This is where the food enters the…
Digestive System
Structure
Mouth
This is where the food enters the alimentary canal and digestion starts here. The teeth break down foods by chewing. This is known as mechanical digestion.
Salivary glands
Once in the mouth, chewing breaks down the food into small pieces that are easily digested then the saliva mixes with the food to begin the process of breaking it down into a form your body can absorb and use.
Oesophagus
This is a muscular tube which moves the ingested food or water from the mouth to the stomach. The mouthful of food being chewed and swollen is called bolus .
Stomach
The churning action that occurs in the stomach helps break down the food. The stomach releases acids and enzymes for the chemical breakdown of food. The enzyme pepsin breaks down the proteins.
Liver
The liver secretes bile thats ends up back in the intestines and it also processes the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. It also makes proteins which is important for blood clotting. The liver is known as the 'body's chemical factory'.
Pancreas
This is where it converts the food we eat into fuel for our body's cells and it also two main functions take place here: exocrine (helps in digestion) and endocrine (Regulates blood sugar).
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Gallbladder
This is a small storage organ which plays an important part in the digestive system. It holds bile which is produced in the liver until it is needed digesting fatty food in the duodenum of the small intestine.
Small intestine - ileum
Final section of the small intestine and the role here is that it absorbs vitamin B12, salts, bile and the nutrients that were not absorbed in the jejunum. The folds which make up the wall have tiny finger-like structures that are known as the villi.
Large intestine - colon
The undigested food enters here from the small intestine. Water is then absorbed and undigested food and fibre are removed or eliminated and then this causes the food waste products to harden which is also known as faeces.
Large intestine - anus
Egestion occurs when the digested faeces passes through the anus out of the body and this is also known as excretion.
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Digestion is the break down of carbohydrate, proteins and fats into small soluble substances that can be absorbed into our blood
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