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Understanding Human Communication: Chapter 9 (Characteristics of Groups…
Understanding Human Communication: Chapter 9
Followership and Communication
Types of Followers
Participants
Activists
Bystanders
Diehards
Isolates
The Power of Followers
Reward Power
: The ability to influence others by granting or promising of desirable consequences.
Coercive Power
: The power to influence others by the threat or imposition of unpleasant consequences.
Connection Power
: The influence granted by virtue of a member's ability to develop relationships that help the group reach its goal.
Expert Power
: The ability to influence others by virtue of one's perceived expertise on the subject in question.
Nominal Leader
: The person who is identified by title as the leader of a group.
Legitimate Power:
The ability to influence a group owing to one's position in a group.
Power
: The ability to influence others' thoughts and/or actions.
Referent Power
: The ability to influence others by virtue of the degree to which one is liked or respected.
The Nature of Groups and Teams
Group
: A small collection of people whose members interact with one another, usually face-to-face, over time in order to reach goals.
Interdependence-
In a true group, the behavior of one person affects all the others.
Example
: In work groups, when one member behaves badly, it shapes the entire way the group functions.
Time-
A collection of people who interact for only a short time does not qualify as a group. Groups who work together for a continuous amount of time, start to take on the characteristics of the group.
Interaction-
Without
interaction
, a collection of people isn't a group.
Size-
The suggested size of a group is 3-20 members. This would give every member in the group the ability to know and react to every other member.
What Separates a Group From a Team?
Unified commitment.
Collaborative climate.
Competent team members.
Standards of excellence.
A results-driven structure.
External support and recognition.
Clear and inspiring shared goals.
Principled leadership.
Characteristics of Groups and Teams
Rules and Norms
Social Norms:
Group norms that govern the way members relate to one another.
Procedural Norms:
Norms that describe rules for the group's operation.
Norms:
Shared values, beliefs, behaviors, and procedures that govern a group's operation.
Task Norms:
Group norms that govern the way members handle the job at hand.
Rule:
An explicit, officially stated guideline that governs group functions and member behavior.
Roles
Formal Roles:
A role assigned to a person by group members or an organization, usually to establish order.
Informal Roles:
A role usually not explicitly recognized by a group that describes functions of group members, rather than their positions. These are sometimes called "functional roles",
Roles:
The patterns of behavior expected of group members.
Task Roles:
Roles group members take on in order to help solve a problem.
Social Roles:
Emotional roles concerned with maintaining smooth personal relationships among group members. Also termed, :maintenance functions."
Dysfunctional Roles:
Individual roles played by group members that inhibit the group's effective operation.
Patterns of Interaction
Chain Network:
A communication network in which information passes sequentially from one member to another.
Wheel Network:
A communication network in which a gatekeeper regulates the flow of information from all other members.
All-Channel Network:
A communication network pattern n which group members are frequently together and share all information with one another.
Sociogram
: A graphic representation of the interaction patterns in a group.
Gatekeeper:
Person in a small group through whom communication among other members flows.
Goals of Groups and Their Members
Group Goals
: Goals that a group collectively sets to accomplish.
I personally enjoy working in groups because it allows you to develop a shared goal with a group of people and that can be an interesting experience as opposed to working on your own.
Individual goals
:Individual motives for joining a group.
Hidden Agendas
: Individual goals that group members are unwilling to reveal.
Social Loafing:
The tendency of some people to do less work as group members than they would as individuals.
Leadership and Communication
Understanding Leadership
Laissez-Faire Leadership
: A style in which the designated leader gives up his or her formal role, transforming the group into a loose collection of individuals.
Servant Leadership
: A style based on the idea that a leader's job is mostly to recruit outstanding team members and provide the support they need to do a good job.
Transformational Leaders:
Defined by their devotion to help a team fulfill an important mission.
When I was the leader of Speech and Debate club, I think that I was this kind of leader. I was motivated by the idea of my team going to finals and that pushed me to be the best leader I could be for my team.
Authoritarian Leadership
: A style in which the designated leader uses coercive and reward power to dictate the group's actions.
Situational Leadership
: A theory that argues that the most efficient leadership style varies, according to leadership relations, the nominal leader's power, and the task structure.
Emergent Leader
: A member who assumes leadership roles without being appointed by higher-ups.
Democratic Leadership
: A style in which the leader invites the group's participation in decision making.