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Ecology and Ecosystems (Eco- Greek for house (Ecology- the scientific…
Ecology and Ecosystems
Population Distribution
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Clumped- results from patchy resources, social groupings
Eco- Greek for house
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biosphere- a thin layer about the earth that supports all of life, all ecosystems (aquatic and terrestrial), the highest level of organization of ecological systems
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Population Dynamics
Environmental Resistance: limiting factors, factors that prevent a population from growing and/or spreading
Density-independent limiting factor: factors that limit pop. growth and arises regardless of pop. size (i.e. natural disasters, human-caused events)
Density-dependent limiting factors: factor that limits pop. growth and has a greater effects in dense pops. (i.e. disease, predation, parasitism)
Logistic growth: pop. grows exponentially initially: then growth slows as pop. nears environments K (carrying capcity) for that species
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Disturbance: any relatively discrete event in time that disrupts, ecosystem, community, or population structure, and changes resources, substrate availability or the physical environment
Ecological succession: gradual, sequential, and directional replacement of biotic communities through time from early successional species to late successional species
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Invasive species- an exotic species whose introduction into an ecosystem in which the species is not native causes or is likely to cause environmental, economic, and/or societal harm
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Ecosystem- a geographic area including all the living organisms, their physical surroundings, and the natural cycles that sustain them. All of these elements are interconnected
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Abiotic- all of the non-living components #
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Food web- highly interwoven with linkages representing the movement of energy and nutrients within a system (begin with the sun)
Trophic-level transfer efficiency- amount of energy at one trophic level acquired by the trophic level above and incorporated into biomass (law of 10's)
Weather is the now, Climate is the average
Species range- location where a species can survive and reproduce #
Sedimentary content: pollen, animals, vegetation
Ice Cores: glaciers, ice caps, and sheets
Dendroclimatology: tree rings
Sclerochronology: coral rings
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