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Brazil, and EDC (Changes in immigration and emigration over time (late19th…
Brazil, and EDC
Changes in immigration and emigration over time
late19th-20th century: net recipient of migrants (more in than out)
Europeans, particularly Italians, Germans and Portuguese were attracted by the agricultural sector (coffee cultivation)
high economic migration between neighbours such as Paraguay and Argentina
political crisis led to migrations from Bolivia, Angola and Lebanon
last 15 years immigration into Brazil has slowed:
80,000 fewer immigrants living in Brazil now than there were in 2000
emigration has increased:
2000: 0.98M Brazilians lived abroad -> 2014: 1.77M lived abroad
USA has Brazil’s largest overseas population
many Brazilians of Japanese descent have emigrated to Japan -> 1. strong cultural links 2. employment opportunities
140,000 Portuguese living in Brazil, 50,000 Japanese living in Brazil, 40,000 Bolivians living in Brazil
370,000 Brazilians living in USA and Japan
Intro
7th largest economy in the world (largest in Latin America)
2007: GDP = US$4874 -> 2014: GDP = US$5823
services = 69%
industry = 25%
agriculture = 6%
migrant remittances = 0.1% (US$2.4B)
declining birth rate has led to an ageing population
Interdependence with countries connected to Brazil by migrant flows
Portugal
bilateral relationship (relates to both sides)
Brazil = former colony of Portugal:
Portuguese government still gives special status to Brazilian migrants - Portugal = gateway into the EU
shared language, ancestry and family ties -> ease of migrant integration
both countries support inter-migration
migrant remittances play an important role for many families
USA
low-skilled economic migrants working in the USA provide migrant remittances
returning migrants provide new skills and knowledge - contribute to development
highly skilled workers find jobs in the American service sector
USA has agreements with Brazil (concerning agriculture, trade, education, finance, politics and defence):
The US-Brazil Climate Change Working Group announced the creation of a Brazil Lab that will provide financing for projects that will help Brazil meet its pledges under the Paris Climate Agreement.
US govt is working with the Brazilian govt on joint research on the impact of Zika during pregnancy and on developing a vaccine
USAID has introduced many environmental projects in Brazil:
training Xavante indigenous people to protect their lands against forest fires
help create and enforce laws concerning forest management and sustainability
Current patterns of immigration and emigration
between 2000-04 and 2005-09: net migration loss of 1/2million each
2010-14: net migration slowed to 190,000
increased migration between neighbouring countries
decrease in emigration of lowly skilled workers to USA
increase in emigration of highly skilled workers to USA, Europe and Japan
influx of migrants from Haiti and some African countries
international labour migrants attracted by the construction industry (2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics)
strong internal migration specifically from NE to SE