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Biology (Photosynthesis (How varying carbon dioxide concentration, light…

- - - - Carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen
    - - 6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
  - - - Stored as starch
      - For respiration
  - - - Describe
        
        Increasing carbon dioxide concentration increases rate of photosynthesis
        
        Explain
        
        More reacting particles so more collisions
        
        Describe
        
        Rate levels off due to another limiting factor e.g light intensity or temperature.
    - - Describe
        
        Rate increases with increase in light intensity
        
        Explain
        
        More energy for reaction
        
        Describe
        
        Rate levels off due to another factor limiting the rate e.g temperature or carbon dioxide
    - - Describe
        
        Rate increases with increased temperature up to optimum
        
        Explain
        
        Due to more kinetic energy therefore more collisions between reactants
        
        Describe
        
        Rate deacreases above optimum temperature
        
        Explain
        
        Enzyme denatures
  - - - The mesophyll have chloroplasts containing chlorophyll
      - Stoma lets in carbon dioxide
      - Light energy comes through the upper epidermis
      - Water in vascular bundle
  - - - Chlorophyll
    - - Amino acids
        
        Proteins
  - - - Heating ethonol so no naked flames
      - Ruby
      - Tie hair back
- - - - Carbon
        
        C
      - Hydrogen
        
        H
      - Oxygen
        
        O
      - C:H2:O
      - E.g
        
        Glucose
        
        Starch
        
        Test
        
        1) Add iodine solution to sample
        2)Brown-Black
        
        Glycogen
        
        Energy storage in animals
        
        Found in muscle and liver
        
        C6H12O6
        
        Test
        
        Add benedict’s reagent to sample
        Colour changes
        blue
        green
        yellow
        orange
        brick red
      - Amylase
        
        Enzyme which breaks down starch into maltose
        
        Maltase breaks down maltose to glucose
    - - Made up of chains of amino acids
        
        Nitrogen
        
        Oxygen
        
        Hydrogen
        
        Carbon
        
        20 different amino acids
        
        Protein chains which have the same amino acids in a different order are different proteins.
        
        Sometimes Sulphur
      - Broken down by protease
      - Biaret pale blue to purple
    - - Fats
        
        Made up of Glycerol and Fatty acids
        
        Glycerol is made up of 3 molecules of fatty acids
        
        Test
        
        Phenolthalein turns from pink to colourless in the presence of acid. When fat breaks down fatty acid is produced so the phenolphthalein turns colourless.
        
        Carbon
        
        Hydrogen
        
        Oxygen
        
        Emulsion test
  - - - They speed up chemical reactions.
    - - Enzymes have a place which is called the active site
        
        The active site is just the right shape to fit the molecule.
        
        The molecule is called the substrate .
        
        It is a complementary shape
        
        NOT THE SAME SHAPE
        
        All reactions happen in the active site
        
        When breaking down the subtracted the enzyme fuses with it makeing an enzym substrate complex.
        
        Once the reaction is complete the substrate has been broken down into its products.
    - - Enzymes have certain temperatures and PHs that they work best
        
        These are called the optimum temperature and PH
        
        If the temperature or PH goes above the optimum it becomes denatured
        
        When an enzyme becomes denatured the active site changes shape so the substrate no longer fits
        
        Temperature
        
        Permanent change
        
        PH
        
        Can change back if put in optimum PH