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Myokines, Exercise, & Metabolism (pleiotropic effects (enhanced…
Myokines, Exercise, & Metabolism
Overview
cytokines secreted by muscles
involved in cell signalling
(typically) positive effect on physiology
pleiotropic effects
pleiotropic effects
enhanced glucose/lipid metabolism: AMPK
LIF
Irisin
SPARC
BAIBA
BDNF
central metabolic pathways
mRNA increase after contraction
regulated by
GLP-1
hormone
neuroprotection & plasitcity
upregulated during exercise, improves
learning
memory
released during food intake
antidepressant properties
lack thereof impairs
plasticity
learning
memory
induce PGC-1a-mediated energetic stress response
IL-6
glucose homeostasis
increases fat metabolism
muscle hypertrophy
LIF
injury response
upregulated muscle growth
SPARC
interaction b/w connective tissue and bones
muscle remodeling
Irisin
downregulates myostatin through IGF-1
related to metabolism
insulin signalling
BAIBA
paracine effect
IRS1/Akt pathaway
long term exercise
glucose uptake
LIF
P13K/mTORC2 pathway
IL-15
JAK3/STAT3 pathway
less fat and more muscle
protection against inflammation
IL-6
inhibits pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha and IL-ß
BAIBA
protection against oxidative stress
IL-15
involved in many other regulatory pathways with many regulators
CREB, BDNF, IGF-1, MAPK, cAMP, PGC-1a, etc.
important
: complex interaction between exercise, neuroplasticity and metabolism
role in neurotrophic factor signaling, oxidative damage, chronic inflammatory state, central adiposity, white matter integrity, etc.