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Observational VS Self-report techniques (Both (Non-experimental techniques…
Observational VS Self-report techniques
Observations
Subjects may not know that they are being observed (covert)
Behavioural categories
Event Sampling: number of times behaviour occurs
Time sampling: recording behaviour in a set time frame
Cannot be easily replicated
But inter-observer reliability
High ecological validity
Both
Non-experimental techniques
Few demand characteristics with questionnaires and covert observations
Observers and interviewers may influence actions of pps
Can both produce quantitative and qualitative data (?)
Questionnaires and observations do not have direct contact between pp and experimenter
Self-report Methods
Participants have to answer questions based on their own experiences
Questionnaires
Easily replicated
Interviews
Direct interaction between pp and experimenter
Low ecological validity?