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THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING 2 (1943/44 (The Colossus (First electronic…
THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING 2
1944
World War II
Howard G. Aiken (IBM)
The MARK I
Length: 51 feet
500 miles of wire
Mechanical relays
General-purpose computer
1943/44
The Colossus
First electronic computer
U.S. government (University of Pennsylvania)
J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator)
Artillery trajectories calculation
Lots of tubes, resistors and joints
Lots of additions, multiplications, division in 1 sec
General-purpose computer
Based on John Atanasoff's electronic computer
1950/52
John von Neumann
UNIVAC (UNIVersal Automatic Computer)
Business purpose computer
Data stored in a memory unit
1956
Problem: Huge computers and big amounts of heat
William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain
Solution: transistors
More dependability
Quick operations
Smaller computers
Cheaper
More complicated
1959
Jack Kilby
Integrated circuit (IC)
Solid-state circuit
Semi-conducting material
Equivalent of 100/200 transistors
1971/74
Intel
4004
First microprocessor
Chip
Arithmetic logic unit
Control Circuits
4 bits of data at a time
Intel and Motorola
Microprocessors for build-it-yourself computer kits
1975
Popular Electronics
Altair 8800
Coded in machine code
Manual switches
256 byte memory
1976
Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs
Apple I computers
Apple II
BASIC language
Data stored on audio-cassette recorders
1981
IBM
IBM PC (IBM Personal Computer)