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Networks (Common Ports (Email (POP3 - tcp/43, IMAP4 - tcp/143, SMTP -…
Networks
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DNS
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Hierarchical: server structure, names & IP's
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Outward-Facing servers of LANs forward messages from hosts to WANs using a Network Address Table & ports
Mapping (Name - IP)
1 - Many
Content Distribution Networks and popular servers reduce congestion by mapping 1 hostname - many IP addresses
Many - 1
Aliasing
Used for mail addresses, and simplifying hostnames
Server Structure
Root
400 but <= 13 distinct from any 1 host
TLD
e.g. .com, .org, .net, .uk, .fr, .ie
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Local
Receives host queries, and responds with IP address
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Query process
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DNS Caching
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Implementation
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Unsuccessful queries (e.g. mistyped domains) cached to avoid repeated mistake causing another search
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TCP/IP
OSI with Presentation & Session layer merged into Application, Link & Physical layers often merged.
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