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The Causes of The War (The Bosnian Crisis (1908, Young Turk Revolution and…
The Causes of The War
The Bosnian Crisis
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Young Turks wanted to modernise the Ottoman empire, A-H wanted to prevent Turks from recovering province of Bosnia-Herzegovia
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October, A-H annexes Bosnia-Herzegovia, which Ottomans, Serbs, Russians all objected to
Ottomans had to focus on Bulgaria's declaration of independence, but Serbia and Russia both strongly objected. Russia considered war, Germany said they would back up A-H.
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The July Crisis
4th July Germany's blank cheque to A-H; implied Germany would back up A-H if it decided to invade Serbia regardless of whether Russia tried to defend (Kaiser didn't think it would)
23rd July; July Ultimatum: A-H to Serbia, Serbia had to agree to all points, Serbia diagreed with point 6; investigation of murder of F.F; as a result, A-H declares war on Serbia
2nd Aug; Germany's ultimatum to Belgium, followed by invasion of Belgium & Italy declares neutrality, G declares war on France
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6th Aug; A-H declares war on Russia, Serbia declares war on Germany
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Anglo-German Naval Race, 1906-12
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Kaiser Wilhelm wanted a bigger navy to be able to withstand a potential British naval blockade (2/3 of British navy)
By 1914, Britain had 29 dreadnoughts, Germany had 17; as a result only one major naval battle (Jutland)
Led Britain to view Germany as a serious threat; pushed B into stronger military partnership with France and Russia
Ended in 1912 when Chancellor Bethman Hollweg knew they needed to switch funding from navy to army because of Russian mobilisation
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The Balkan Wars
The First Balkan War
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Formation of Balkan League: Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro (wanted to take land away from Ottoman Empire)
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Balkan League attacked Ottomans, they lost all of their Balkan possessions.
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As a result, Serbia was made especially powerful.
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Albania used conflict to declare independence, A-H declared support, Serbia angered.
The Second Balkan War
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Bulgaria's aggresion towards Serbia soured relations with Russia; went on to support Triple Alliance in war
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Serbia became much more powerful, worried A-H. War seemed like the only solution to these conflicts.
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