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learning and motivation (cue reactivity (Childress 1986 (found (skin temp…

- - - - mood
      - physical discomfort
    - - engaging in activities formerly associated with drug use
        
        socialising with certain people
        
        partying
    - - fellow users
      - locattions
      - syringes
- - - - homeostatic response: speads it
      - heart rate stabilised
      - opiates slow heart rate
      - through associative learning these processes become anticipatory
        
        situational cues allow prediction of drugs use
        
        heart rates increases to protect from effects
- - - - administered morphine to rats in cage A then moved to a distinctively different cage (B)
        
        B
        
        effects wear off
        
        WS commence
        
        A
        
        rats experience drug
        
        morphine adminisstered
      - animals then taken off drug till clear of WS and put in A and B in turn
        
        B WS like symptoms eg shaking
        
        A no symptmos
- - - - soc pressure
      - interpersonal conflict
      - neg mood
      - pos mood
    - - neg mood
      - pos mood
      - int per con
      - neg phys state
      - soc pressure
    - - social press
      - interpersonal conflict
      - neg mood
- - - - cue reactivity
        
        physiological (eg sweat)
        
        behavioural (consumption)
        
        symbolic expressive (craving)
  - - - craving
      - cog
      - mood
    - - time to injest
      - time of day
    - - taste
      - smell
      - sight
    - - chains of cues
      - contextual factors
  - - - craving for alc is less than that of other drugs
      - bigger effect sizes than physiological responses
  - - - skin temp decrease 1/3
      - heart rate unchanged
      - WS reported by 1/5
      - galvanic skin response increase
      - half reported craving
    - - physiological: skin temp, heart rate
      - subjective: ratings of cravings and WS
    - - but inconsistant therefore does not mean class cond
      - why not 100%? individual differences?
  - - - cue
        
        want but cant have
        
        crave
        
        fraustrated
        
        anxious
    - - cue
        
        will have soon
        
        craving
        
        excitement / drug like reaction
  - - - after preparing drugs
      - after injecting
      - as soon as research arrives
    - - 10/11 pp showed increase in drug like high before injection
      - possible alternative explanation: positive emotional state shares features and is therefore mistaken for high
      - contrast lab findings
        
        56% of detoxed addicts report WLS and dysphoric mood
- - - - cramp
      - shivers
- - - - rats made physically dependant to morphine in distinctive cage
      - then received "challenge dose" in either familiar or unfamiliar setting
      - found double the rate of death in unfam to fam
      - support for lethal outcome of high dose more likely in unfam