Science
Cells
Magnets and Electrostatics
States of Matter
Solutions
Changes of State
Separating Techniques
Skills
Organelles - Organelles are small, specialized structures in cells which operate like organs by carrying out specific tasks.
Cells - The smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, consisting of cytoplasm, usually one nucleus, and various other organelles, all surrounded by a semipermeable cell membrane.
Tissue - Animal cells and plant cells can form tissues, such as muscle tissue in animals. A living tissue is made from a group of cells
Organ - An organ is made from a group of different tissues, which all work together to do a particular job.
Organ System - An organ system is made from a group of different organs, which all work together to do a particular job.
Parts of a Cell
Nucleus - Contains genetic material which controls the activities of the cell
Cytoplasm - The jelly like liquid that fills the cell
Cell membrane - Controls the movement of the substance in and out of the cell
Mitochondria - Where most respiration reactions happen
Vacuole - Contains a liquid called cell sap which keeps the cell firm
Cell wall - Made of a tough substance which supports the cell
Magnetic - capable of being magnetized or attracted by a magnet.
Magnetised - Something that has been magnetised is now attracted by a magnet.
Magnetic Field - The space around a magnet in which a magnetic force acts on any other magnet.
Magnetic Poles - The 2 poles of a magnet are north and south. That is the same on the earth.
Opposite poles attract and like poles repel
The strength of an electromagnet can be increased by increasing the number of loops of wire around the iron core and by increasing the current or voltage.
A lightning conductor is a metal rod that is usually attached to the top most part of a building.
Independent Variable - The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist.
Controlled Variable - Experiments also have controlled variables. Controlled variables are quantities that a scientist wants to remain constant, and she must observe them as carefully as the dependent variables
Dependent Variable - The dependent variables are the things that the scientist focuses his or her observations on to see how they respond to the change made to the independent variable.
CORMS - C-Changing O - Object R - Repeat M - Measure S - Same
Solid - The particles in a solid are tightly packed and can vibrate in a fixed position.
Liquid - The particles in a liquid are randomly arranged and the liquid particles fill the container
Gas - The particles in a gas are:
far apart and they fill the container
Diffusion - Diffusion occurs when particles spread and when the particles are free to move
Substances can change state, usually when they are heated or cooled. For example, liquid water turns into steam when it is heated enough, and it turns into ice when it is cooled enough.
Melting - When a solid turns to a liquid
Boiling - When a liquid turns to a gas
Freezing - When a liquid turns to a solid
Condensing - When a gas turns to a liquid
Sublimation - When a solid turns to a gas without turning into a liquid first
Filtration - The process of passing a mixture through a device - soluble substances pass through the filter as a 'filtrate' but insoluble substances or unwanted material will stay in the filter as a 'residue'.
Distillation - Separation method used to separate a solvent from a solution.
Evaporation - . The process in which a liquid changes state and turns into a gas.
Chromatography - Chromatography is used to separate different substances dissolved in a liquid.
Solution - A mixture made when a solute dissolves in a solvent
Soluble - A substance that can desolve in a substance
Insoluble - Unable to dissolve in a particular solvent. For example, sand is insoluble in water.
Saturated Solution- A solution where no more solute can dissolve in the solvent