CHEMISTRY Atomic structure CHAPTER 1
C1- All substances are made up of atoms.
C3- A mixture is made up of two or more substances that are not chemically combined together.
C2- No new atoms are ever created or destroyed in a chemical reaction: THE TOTAL MASS OF REACTANTS = THE TOTAL MASS OF PRODUCTS.
C4- Paper chromatography separates mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent as they move up a piece of chromatography paper. The different substances are separated because of their different solubility in the solvent used.
C1- Compounds contain more than one type of atom.
C1- The periodic table lists all the chemical elements, with eight main groups each containing elements with similar chemical properties.
C1- An atom has a tiny nucleus at its center, surrounded by electrons.
C1- Elements contain only one type of atom.
ATOMS
C2- There is the same number of each type of atom on each side of a balanced symbol equation.
C2- You can include state symbols to give extra information in balanced symbol equations. These are (s) for solids, (l) for liquids, (g) for gases, and (aq) for aqueous solutions.
SEPARATING MIXTURES
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION AND PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
C4- Fractional distillation is an effective way of separating miscible liquids, using a fractionating column. The separation is possible because of the different boiling points of the liquids in the mixture.
C3- Mixtures can be separated by physical means, such as filtration, crystallization, and simple distillation. (The physical techniques of separation include, fractional distillation, and chromatography).
HISTORY OF THE ATOM
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C5- The ideas about atoms have changed over time.
C5- New evidence has been gathered from the experiments of scientists who have used their model of the atom to explain their observations and calculations.
C5- Key