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General antimicrobials (Other e.g. trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin and…
General antimicrobials
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Other e.g. trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin and vancomycin
Nitrofurantoin
It is metabolised by nitrofuran reductase in bacterial cells. Its active metabolite damages bacterial DNA and causes cell death. It is active against Gram negative e.g. E. coli and gram positive e.g. Staph. Note that bacteria with reduced nitrofuran reductase activity are resistant to nitrofurantoin.
Trimethoprim
Inhibits bacterial folate synthesis, which slows bacterial growth (bacteriostatic). It has a broad spectrum of action against Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, particularly enterobacteria (E.coli)
Vancomycin
Inhibits growth and cross-linking of peptide-glycan chains, inhibiting the synthesis of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. It is therefore specific against gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and is inactive against gram-negative bacteria.
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