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The impact of war on German society the (the impact of rationing…
The impact of war on German society the
the impact of rationing
rationing during ww1 one of main causes of weariness 1917-1918, Nazis didn't want to follow mistakes of Kaiser
descrees establishing rationing system issued August 1939 before war started
allocations of food rationing
based on age, occupation and race
those employed in manual labour received more
jews received smaller rations
Nazis reluctant to ask civilians to make significant reduction in consumption at beginning og war for fear that it might provoke anti-war feeling
civilian consumption cut more in Germany than UK at beginning of war
regime exploited newly occupied territories for food supplies for German people + Nazi-Soviet Pact= imports of grain from USSR
no serious food shortages 1939-41
more shortages of coal, shoes, soap and washing powder did cause discontent
invasion of Soviet union 1941
rations reduced
meat ration cut from 500 grams to 400 grams per person per week
farmers
had access to food they could grow themselves
experienced shortages of animal feed, fuel and replacement tools: limited ability to produce food
the impact of propaganda and indoctrination on morale
used secret police system, SD and Gestapo to monitor public mood and effectiveness of propaganda by obtaining reports
Phase 1: Blitzkrieg, September 1939-June 1941
events
:Poland defeated with Blitzkrieg tactics, Operation Barbarossa (Soviet invasion), Belgium, Netherlands and France
public mood in first 21 months of war= volatile
quick + easy victories= cause for celebration: edited newsreels showed Germn forces sweeping aside inferior position
Hitler presented as military genius, responsible for victories, speeches= vital in bolstering morale
1940-41, Hitler made 9 major speeches
when the defeat of France june 1940 did not bring immediate peace, Britain was blamed for prolonging the war
Phase 2: The spreading war, June-December 1941
events
Germany invaded USSR June 1941, Dec 1941 Red Army launch counter attack which halted the German advance. Germany declared war on USA Dec 1941
invasion of USSR presented as crucade against "Jewish Bolshevism"
SD reported peoples fears that war would go on for years
Nazi propaganda downplayed extent of Soviet success, but letters sent home from soldiers undermined this
behind the British, the Soviet and the American enemies, according to propaganda, lay a Jewish international conspiracy to destroy the Third Reich and Aryan race
Phase 3: The turning of the tide, January 1942-Jan1943
the changing impact of the war on German society