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Women Federal govt (Congress Help (1872 - law that required equal pay for…
Women Federal govt
Congress Help
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A Women's bureau established in 1920 to improve conditions - E
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met with resistance
The SHEPHERD-TOWNER ACT 1921 made funds available for maternity and infant health education - E/S
HOWEVER...
- the medical profession resisted free medical care and funding was terminated
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The IX of the Education Amendments (1972) required schools receiving federal funds to provide equal access to educational programs for men and women, which increased the growth of sport for girls at H Education - S
However, opportunities in law and medicine were still limited
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the Voting rights act 1965 outlawed methods of preventing citizens from voting on race and gender - P
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Congress hinder
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The servicemen's readjustment act 1944 (GI Bill of rights) meant that ex-servicemen were funded for higher education, whereas women were not
The Hyde Amendment (1972) barred the use of federal funds to pay for abortion unless it was necessary
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Presidents Help
JFK (1961-63)
Commission on the status of women, 1963, recommended fair hiring practices and equal pay and recommended affordable childcare and paid maternity leave, but did little about this - E
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by the mid 1990's, young, educated women earned about 98% of mens pay
FDR (1933-45)
NEW DEAL
Social security act (1935) introduced welfare benefits for poor families which helped married women but was not specifically designed for them - E
Aid to dependent children (1935) helped young women with young families who were unable to work and had no male breadwinner, however this was given to mostly white women and they had to go through humiliating process - E
Fair labour standards act (1938) set new minimum wage levels, but women's were still lower than mens - E
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(1933) the National Recovery Administration reduced working hours, which benefited women
Eleanor Roosevelt
role model, who combined the role of wife and mother with active support for women's rights and ND - P/S
However, in 1939, only 9 women had entered federal politics
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Presidents hinder
FDR
NEW DEAL
The principle of lower pay for female workers was firmly established by the federal government's national recovery administration (1933) under Frances Perkins and also reduced working hours, which benefited women -E
In 1939, a female teacher earned 20% less than male counterpart
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JFK
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Kennedy's commission on the status of women (1963) promotes special training for young women for marriage and motherhood - S
Nixon
Vetoes the child dev bill of 1972 which would have provided a multi-billion dollar national day care system
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SC Help
United Automobile workers V Johnson controls 1991 held that not allowing women to work in hazardous placed with wen is discrimination - E
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ABORTION - S
Planned Parenthood V Casey (1992) upheld the right to abortion and invalidated the requirement for a wife to notify her husband - S
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Webster V Reproductive health services (1989) struck down a law in Washington state declaring that "life begins at conception" and held that barring the use of public facilities for abortion is unconstitutional
SC hinder
Legislation to intro an 8 hour day was opposed by big businesses and declared unconstitutional in 1922 - E
Minor V Happerset (1874) held that a Missouri law that limited the right to vote to males was constitutional