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Reconstructive memory (Misinformation effect (WHY? (Overwriting, Source…
Reconstructive memory
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Reconstructive errors
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Increase over time, high confidence e.g. Bartlett story
Schema
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Prior knowledge
confusing paragraph (Bransford & Johnson, 1972) 20% ideas vs twice as much = effect of prior info on retention
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Schematic processing
Selection
home buyer or burglar (Anderson & Pichert, 1978) irrelevant info encoded but not selected at retrieval
Additions
Told about dentist visit (Bower et al., 1979)
"Nancy and the doctor" (Owens et al. 1979) schema facilitates exact recall but also increases reconstructive errors
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schema-driven errors greater at long retention interval (Sulin & Duling, 1974) Gerald Martin vs Hitler = he hated jews, so prosecuted them