False memories
Rich false memories
Lost in the mall (Loftus & Pickrell, 1995) 25%
Implanting rich false memories
take photo of hot air balloon (Wade et al., 2002)
Disneyland bugs bunny (Braun et al. 2002) up to 30%
the more you are asked to imagine the more you believe
Brain fills in blind spot in eye
Altering behaviour
Pluto behaving badly - ear licking - pluto souvenir (Berrkkowitz et al. 2008)
sick flavour icecream (Bernstein & Locus 2009)
False memories in lab
Theme sweet (Deese 1959)
False rmbr needle (Roediger & McDermott 1995) but more conscious exp associated with true items
False memories + fMRI
pp watch vidtpae segment present list of associated words. Cabeza et al. 2001
false items elicited more bilateral hippocampus activity than new items. true and false had same amount activity. true and false similar in semantic content but not sensory
Emotions and memory
flashbulb memories
Assassination of pres kennedy (Brown & Kulik, 1977)
why?
1) incidents highly distinctive
2) repeatedly views
3) highly emotional
4) important events
Accuracy
Challenger shuttle, 24 hrs vs 2.5 yrs (Neisser & Harsch, 1992)
Context, degree to which rememberer affected by event e.g. Black people MLK (McCloskey et al., 1998)
Danish resistance flashbulb memory
Confidence
44% saw Princess Diana car crash (Ost et al., 2002)
9/11 first plain strike tower 73% students (Pezdek, 2003)