Working Memory Model
Phonological loop
Immediate serial recall
Word Length Effect (Baddeley et al. 1975)
Phonological similarity (Baddely, 1966)
Articulatory suppression (blocked)
Welsh digit span (Ellis & Hennelly 1980)
Mandarin faster (Stigler et al., 1986)
Irrelevant speech effect
students and background music (vocal or inst) vs silence (Salame & Baddeley, 1989) immediate recall of 9 vis presented items
Visuospatial sketchpad
Image scanning
Mental rotation (Shepard & Metzler, 1971)
people scan visual imagery in VSS. learn map with 7 locations. move from one location to another. response time increase with distance. (Kosslyn et al. 1978)
Central executive
N-back test
Tower of Hanoi (move from left to right peg, tracking and planning)
Stroop task
2 modes of control: Automatic and supervisory attentional systems
Limitations
Interaction of WM with LTM? e.g. phonological loop has limited store (unrelated words 6) bt ppl can routinely rmbr unrelated words (15016) - chunking (needs interaction with LTM)
No specific mechanism for interaction between VSS and phonological loop
Episodic buffer
links btwn subsystems of WM and connects these with LTM
limitations:
1) not fully developed or tested
2) natural extension of wm?
3) or catch all for processes not fully understood