Working Memory Model

Phonological loop

Immediate serial recall

Word Length Effect (Baddeley et al. 1975)

Phonological similarity (Baddely, 1966)

Articulatory suppression (blocked)

Welsh digit span (Ellis & Hennelly 1980)

Mandarin faster (Stigler et al., 1986)

Irrelevant speech effect

students and background music (vocal or inst) vs silence (Salame & Baddeley, 1989) immediate recall of 9 vis presented items

Visuospatial sketchpad

Image scanning

Mental rotation (Shepard & Metzler, 1971)

people scan visual imagery in VSS. learn map with 7 locations. move from one location to another. response time increase with distance. (Kosslyn et al. 1978)

Central executive

N-back test

Tower of Hanoi (move from left to right peg, tracking and planning)

Stroop task

2 modes of control: Automatic and supervisory attentional systems

Limitations

Interaction of WM with LTM? e.g. phonological loop has limited store (unrelated words 6) bt ppl can routinely rmbr unrelated words (15016) - chunking (needs interaction with LTM)

No specific mechanism for interaction between VSS and phonological loop

Episodic buffer

links btwn subsystems of WM and connects these with LTM

limitations:
1) not fully developed or tested
2) natural extension of wm?
3) or catch all for processes not fully understood