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Microorganism Biodiversity (Classification of Microorganisms (METHOD…
Microorganism Biodiversity
Classification of Microorganisms
Classification
Placing organisms in group of related species. List of characteristics of know organisms
Identification
Matching characteristics of an "unknown" organisms to list of known organisms
Clinical lab identification
METHOD OF CLASSIFYING AND IDENTIFYING
Differential staining
Gram staining, acid-fast staining
Biochemical test
Determines presence of bacterial enzymes (enzymatic activity)
API KIT, ENTEROTUBE, VITEX
Morphological characteristic
Useful for identifying eukaryotes
METHOD
ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Known antibodies
Unknown type of bacterium
Antibodies linked to enzymes
Enzymes substrate
Genetic
(PCR) and DNA fingerprinting
Serology
Combine known antiserum plus unknown bacterium (slide agglutination test)
FISH
Fluorescent in situ hybridization
Introduction to bacteria, archaea and fungi
Archaea (extremophilels)
Methanogens
Strict anaerobes that produces methane (CH4) from CO2 and H2
Methanobacterium
Extreme halophiles
Require high concentrations of salt for survival
Halobacterium
Hyperthermophiles
Grow in extremely hot enviroment (Pyrodictium, Sulfolobus)
Fungi
Yeasts
Non filamentous, unicellular fungi
Fission yeast divide symmetrically
Budding yeasts devide assymmetrically
Fungal Diseases
Subcutaneous mycoses
Beneath the skin
Superficial mycoses
Localized, hair shafts
Systemic mycoses
Deep within body
Cutaneous mycoses
Affect hair, skin and nails
Molds
The fungal body (thallus) consists of long filaments (hyphae) ; a mass of hyphae is a mycelium
Intro to protozoa, algae and virus
Protozoa
Apicomplexa
Non motile
Intracellular parasites
Complex life cycle
Ciliates
Move by cilia
Complex cell
Amoebazoa
Move by pseudopods
Euglenozoa
Move by flagella
Euglenoid (Photoautotroph) - harmless
Trypanosoma - African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness
Archaezoa
No mictochondria
Multiple flagella
Algae
Dinoflagellates (plankton)
Cellulose in plasma membrane
Unicellular
Store starch
Symbionts in marine animals
Neurotoxins cause paralytic shellfish poisoning
Diatoms
Pectin and silica cell wall
Unicellular (neurotoxins)
Store energy ( Fat and oil)
Produce domic acid (diarrhea and memory loss)
Role in nature
Primary producer in aquatic food chains
Produce most oxygen
Much of our petroleum is fossil remains of plankton
Many unicellular algae are symbionts in animals
Characterized by colour
Brown algae (kelp)
Red algae grow at depper levels
Green algae similar to plants
Virus
Characteristics
Obigatory intracellular parasites
Contain DNA and RNA
Contain protien coat ( capsid)
Enclosed by envelope
Some have spikes
Most infect only at specific type of cell in one host
Specific host attachment sites and cellular factors