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Ageing & Dementia (Dementia (approx 47.5 million ppl, 60-70% elderly…
Ageing & Dementia
Dementia
approx 47.5 million ppl, 60-70% elderly have dementia
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Alzheimer (1907) woman named Auguste Deter > bunched up, knotted neurons
genetic risk factors, can develop at 30 (5-10%)
Hippocampus and nearby brain areas smaller in AD patients (fMRI) (Cattebani et al., 2004)
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Brain basis
Caused by accumulating brain pathology (amyloid plaques - beta amyloids and neurofibrillary tangles)
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Memory loss
Episodic memory (Splinner et al., 1988)
Semantic memory - conditioning and skill survives longest. 180 patients 1000 healthy adults analysed (episodic mem) (Salthouse & Becker, 1998)
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Implicit memory
well learned skills (Rusted et al., 1995)
acquire new motor skills e.g. mirror tracing (Gabrieli et al., 1993), rotary pursuit and mirror reading
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Stages
Hippocampus > medial temporal lobe > temporal and parietal lobe > other brain regions (Braak & Braak, 1991)
Speed varies, but usually slowly progressive (severe deficit in EPISODIC memory)
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Clock drawing test (Sunderland 1989) 67 A 83 H, draw face of clock 2:45, loss of semantic associations evoked by word 'clock'. deterioration of semantic knowledge
Early AD 1) minor memory failures 2)losing objects
3)getting lost in familiar places
4)word finding difficulty
5) awareness of own difficulties
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