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Studying Writing Task 2 - mark clark (Transport (long-haul air…
Studying Writing Task 2 - mark clark
Work
International
Family and children
Environment
Economics and Business
Crime
Government, Society and People
immigrant vs culture
introduction
Leave motherland resettle = relocate
conclusion
allow both locals and immigrants to co-build a harmonious multi-culture community
Cherish with their own cultural heritage
The convergence of different cultures does not require one culture to yield to another
Accepting the local culture by observing the local tradition is a good starting point
whereas in some other cultures, the closeness of physical distance is taken as a sign of mutual trust.
helps avoid embarrassment nd bring a sense of comfort
increase confidence in their residence in a new countrycounteract = offset = counter
Cherish own culture
this is a prerequisite for attracting high skilled workers from all over the world to settle
government spend money onpublic services
being immediate benefits
precursors/priːˈkɜːrsər/
municipal
Satisfy the needs of citizens
Intergrated transport network
industrial products , as well as ~ of a city
in exchange for ~ ( thu nhập ổn định)
do not - (deserve) government spending
-( = success) without government spending)
in the expectation of earning ~ ~ ~ ( thu nhập cao)
apprehension (n) uk: /ˌæp.rɪˈhen.ʃən/ us: /ˌæp.rɪˈhen.ʃən/ ADJ. considerable, great, growing | sudden "" VERB + APPREHENSION be filled with, be full of, feel "They were filled with apprehension as they approached the building. " | express, show | overcome | cause "The change in the law has caused apprehension among many people. " | allay "How can I allay your apprehensions? " APPREHENSION + VERB grow "There were still areas of doubt and her apprehension grew. " PREP. with ~ "School reports are always received with some apprehension. " | ~ about/over "her apprehension about being in hospital " | ~ at "She felt some apprehension at the thought of seeing him again. " | ~ for "There is great apprehension for the future. " PHRASES a feeling/look of apprehension ""
stake
fast pace of life has negative effects on individuals
/ˈrɪðəm/
The ~ of the pace of life
rapid ~ of telecommunications technology
fast-paced world
require workers'~ ~ (=
~ has to be sacrificed
people now enjoy greater ~
reflected in more ~ ~ , less travel-related stress, close contact with friends,family members
we have to accept the ~ on our lives
~ (= san pham phu)
The phenomenal that people have less face-to -face communication have effects on individuals and the society
the way people ~ ~ and live their lives has vastly changed.
constraints of ~ and time
alters the ~ ~ and habits
people spending most of their time in social online networks have more tendency to become ~ ~
poor ~~ and feelings of loneliness
/əˈkʌstəmd/ Japanese people are well accustomed to hand-working
~ lifestyle is now prevailing
people euffn serious loss of ~~,back pain and obesity
in an effort to win the ~ of consumers
Secure a stable ~ ~
public libraries should not waste the money on expensive high-tech media
~ (= growth, rise) of a library's reserve
main advantages of using computers is ~ (= boosting ~)
people nowadays are loosing the habit to wear traditional dress
Traditional costume, both ~ and~
are ~ G-popular)
Adai isa custom being handed down from generation to generation
respect and retain ~ ( = van hoa truyen thong )
most of the traditional costumes have been ~ by Western-style business suits
/ɪˈtɜːrnəti/
traditional clothes) a symbol of ~ (= trang trong)
dressing in a standard manner is an of respect, He Key to mutual trust
dinstinctive styles of wearing a traditional clothe should be distinguished from the ~ people are wearing every day in cndiuay setting s
Failing to maintain vị unique characteristic of traditional custume of a country will surely cause destruction on the ~ (z unity , completeness) of a culture
Transport
long-haul air flight/ˈlɑːŋ hɔːl/long-haul flights/routes#Transport
agrarian əˈɡreriənAgrarian is used with these nouns: economy reform revolution …#Transport
go hand in hand#Transport
unilateral/ˌjuːnɪˈlætrəl/ don phuong#Transport
Self-contained economy#Transport #Later
scarcity /ˈskersəti/ ADJ. great | relative "" SCARCITY + NOUN value "Old properties in the town have acquired a scarcity value. " PREP. ~ of "There is a great scarcity of food in the drought-stricken areas. " PHRASES in times/years of scarcity "In times of scarcity, lions will travel great distances in search of food #Transport
yield /jiːld/(n,v)#Transport
Perishable items#Transport
boom#Transport
extravagant /ɪkˈstrævəɡəntResidents should be warned to be extravagant with water, in view of the low rainfall this year#Transport #Later
Technology
scientists make positive changes to the world
policies impede the development of energy- intensive industry
work from home
(= take (full) advantage of) ~ rich human capital
~ ( working offices)
distance between their work place and their place of residence has never ~ to be a problem
Comfortably
~ (= bring) a benefit to workers alone
boost of ~ (= employee spirit)
strike ~ between work and rest
improving the ~ ( = efficiency, yield)
face difficulty in managing and monitoring ~ (= staffs' operation)
difficult to maintain ~ f-team morale) because employees have limited direct interaction between each other.
fewer people prefer to write letters due to the convenience offered by mobile phones and personal computers
writers should plan, ~ (=make ) according to the characteristic of readers
choose the - f- giang) In communication is of great importance
the examples ~ (= invalidate, reverse) the prevailing notion
the impact of technology advancement on people's recreational activities has reduced people's creativity
~ and popularity of telecommunication technology
syn: accompanied by , alongside, combined with
syn: replicate, imitate
people's knowledge develop slowly or even ~ throughout much of his/ her life
Media
Media
Cultural globalisationCultural homogeneity#Media
Western cultural imperialismInternal media owned and operated by a handful of giant corporationsthwart /θwɔːrt/#Media
Painting, music, movies accessible in the media have a small number of genres, imposing restrains on one's knowledge of artworks of different cultural backgrounds#Media
Cultural, ideals promoted by leading mainstream media are of American origin#Media
Communal life, family solidarity which is treasured in many Asian countries#Media
captivated by American basketball, even daubing the name of NBA stars on school sweatsuitsaudience’s exposure to Hollywood movies, TV shows, sports reports.#Media
Media
Media
Media
Media
Media
Media
Media
Media
Media
Media
Media
Media
Media
Business
closer ~ between countries
Syn:
Gradual ~ of countries' identities
culture is not a ~(z điều xấu hổ) to but an asset of a country
aiding the ~ of their features (= bảo tồn)
indigenous culture
instils fresh - - into Ike countries
driving force
traditions, customs, taboos
more accustomed to ~~ (= foreign cultures)
invasion of foreign cultures
/ˈpɜːrmieɪt/
broken may of their ~ traditions
working hours should berestricted
~ popular
~ (= employees)
~ social life
~ community activities (= hold back, hamper)
cause a feeling of stress, a ~ (= Noi loan tam ly)
lead to burgh turnover and ~
disable the ~ of resource use, human capital and natural resources.
Thu se with ~ (such as parents)
lead not only lower quality of ~
~ and absenteeism
~ of this practice
allow employees to ~
~ the benefits that employees are entitled for
employees assessed alternatives like flexible working ~ and job redesign
explore ~ of each employee
Travel
travels enables people to learn different cultures or to increase tension?
Upsurge in new arrivalsPromoting the understanding of mutual cultural backgroundhostility = resentment
Root in = derived from = based on
entreupreneur = industrialist
Now they have concrete relations with their western allies in many fields.In the initial stage, divergence seems to be inherent but over time, with better mutual understanding, they take the same position on many issuesdivergence seems to be inherentbetter mutual understanding take the same position on many issuesfoe = enemy = rivalsover time = in due course = sooner and laterconcrete = solid = tangible
however, most offence is accidental, rather than intentional.visitors disobey rules because they have no knowledge of themresort, holiday resort, beach resort, scenic spotrepel = revolt = repulsescant = limited = scarce
can be improved with the passing of time when visitors increase knowledge of a local culture
/hɑːˈstɪləti/ (n) • hostility to / towards sb / sth: feelings hostility towards people from other backgrounds, race, religious
~ travel (du lich qua nhieu nuoc)
industrialist
visitors and locals are ~ ~ (= motivated by economic value )
locals show ~ to visitors
Tourism is the only way of protecting a culture
positive
Providing economic incentives for culture conservation is unarguably
destination = site = place
maintenance of key historical sites
When Phong Nha cave was presented at the first time in the breakfast show of CNBC in 2016, many visitors from all over the world has flocked there.They shared the experience of the beautiful scenery with their friends and families, assisting the place to gain international fame.Both financial and technological support will flood in for the conservation of natural and cultural resourcesindigenous = original aboriginalfame = reputation = recognition
negative
at the expense of = at the cost of
insult = offence
Insult
make sacred elements commonplacetourists are encouraged to attach little importance to an unique tradition which cannot be found elsewhere.commonplace = ordinary
introduction
(introduction) tourism is one of the fast-growing industries in the world
(introduction) elaborate on both positive and negative effects of tourism from a cultural perspective
conclusion
tourism is neither a boon nor a bane
in the light of = in view ofintegrity = entirety = unityput at risk = endanger
Culture
a museum is to educate or entertain people
~ and specimen
tangible item in museum such as artefacts and ~
Museum ~ (= pass knowledge ) to visitors through different means
A museum can serve ~
stuff are trained to provide ~ of the collected objects to the general public
Architecture and Buildings
architecture
dilapidated (/dɪˈlæpɪdeɪtɪd/ #architecture #Later(mnemonic: daily+update if u wont update ur antivirus daily ur sys will be ruined due to negligence)
architecture
architecture
architecture
architecture #Later
architecture
architecture
architecture
syn: demolish, knock down , pull down#architecture
aesthetic /esˈθetɪk/#architecture
architecture
architecture
architecture
architecture
Later#architecture
/ˈpredəsesər#architecture #Later
architecture #Later
architecture #Later
architecture
architecture
Later #architecture
architecture
architecture
Later#architecture
Later #architecture
Later #architecture
architecture #Later
architecture #Later
architecture
architecture
architecture #Later
architecture #Later
architecture #Later
architecture
architecture
architecture #Later
architecture
architecture/dɪˈlæpɪdeɪtɪd/
~ (= incorporate) as a core function of a building
people are no longer interest only ~, such as safety, durability, access to facilities
them interests in-ole ~ and visual qualities
A majority of home buyers nowaday care about ~
decorative details and visual qualities including ~ and furnishing
Ornamentation and ~
~ and rarity
~ (uniqueness)
Architects pursuing aethetical value for the building s want to increase the~ of the building
should consider economic ~(= viability)
~ (= underlying pniciple) is to a ccomodafe a huge population
adding ~ to a building is consistent with the needs of a modern society
a buildingshould a result of the ~ (= subtle , fine) balance between two ordeals
People have ~ on a building
The focus on the ~ alone will lead to the increase in construction cost
Food
difference between traditional food and fast food