Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
DNA and RNA (Transcription (The hydrogen bonds between the DNA strands…
DNA and RNA
Transcription
- The hydrogen bonds between the DNA strands break. One of these DNA strands acts as the template strand for the RNA strand. This exposes the bases.
- The free RNA bases are attracted to the DNA strand. Specific, complementary base pairing causes this attraction. This means that the mRNA strand ends up being a complimentary copy of the DNA strand. After the free nucleotides are attached to the DNA, RNA polymerase binds them together.
- The RNA polymerase moves down the DNA strand, assembling the mRNA strand. The DNA reforms once the RNA polymerase has moved passed it, winding into a double-helix.
- When RNA polymerase reaches a particular sequence called the stop signal, then it will stop making the mRNA. and detaches from the DNA.
- mRNA can be edited so that it is matured. This process is called splicing. Introns (doesn't code for amino acids) are removed when the mRNA is spliced.
General
-
-
In a normal human bodily cell, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 chromosomes).
-
Translation
- The mRNA attaches itself to a ribosome and transfer RNA. ATP provides the energy for the bind between the amino acid and the tRNA to form.
- a tRNA molecule, with an anticodon that's complementary to the mRNA codon, attaches itself to the mRNA through complementary base pairing. A second tRNA also attaches itself to the same mRNA molecule, in the same way.
- The two amino acids attached to the tRNA molecules are joined by a peptide bond. The first tRNA molecule moves away, leaving its amino acid behind.
- A third tRNA molecule binds to the next codon on the mRNA. Its amino acid binds to the first two and the second tRNA molecule moves away. This process continues producing a polypeptide chain. This process continues until a stop codon is reached on the mRNA.
General
mRNA (messenger RNA) is the only RNA used in transcription. It carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes, where it is used to make proteins, in translation. In mRNA, a group of three bases are called codons.
tRNA (transfer RNA) is involved in translation. It carries amino acids, that are used to make proteins, to the ribosomes. tRNA is a polynucleotide strand that is in a clover shape. Hydrogen bonds between specific base pairs hold the structure together. Every tRNA molecule has a specific sequence of anticodons at one end. It also has an amino acids binding site on the other end.
-