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Core Geographical Skills (Graphical Skills (Proportional symbols,…

- - - - Detailed foreground + background
    - - Identification of large details e.g. vegetation cover
    - - Easy to identify features
      - Difficult to identify scale
    - - Plan view
      - Difficult to identify detail
- - - - Land use
      - Vegetation type
      - Communications
      - Settlement shapes
    - - Dispersed
      - Nucleated
      - Linear
    - - Site - phs characteristics
      - Situation - loc in relation to other places
      - Shape - aerial look
    - - Slope - gentle / steep
      - Aspect - N S E or W facing?
      - Ground conditions e.g. floodplains
      - Altitude - ^ above SL
  - - - GSE
        
        Specific examples
        
        Exceptions - anomalies
        
        General trend
- - - - Compound - cumulative total - add y value to other y values
      - Simple - 1 data set
      - Divergent - show + and - values. Show immigration/ emigration, imports/ exports.
        
        To plot: x axis normal, place average figure (usually 0) and then create suitable y axis
      - Comparative - compare data
    - - Highlights main features
      - Easy to read
      - Quick + simple to draw
      - Minimal equipment
    - - X representation of area
      - Inaccurate
      - Labels/ key required
  - - - Comparative
      - Simple
      - Compound - cumulative totals
      - Divergent
    - - Displays relate number / proportions of multiple categories
      - Summaries large data sets visually
      - Data category shown in frequency distribution
    - - Requires explanation
      - Easily manipulated to give false impressions
- - - - :bird: Nature reserve
      - :church: Church/ worship
      - :bridge_at_night: Bridge
      - :telephone_receiver: Public phone
      - :deciduous_tree: Non-coniferous trees
      - N (NE, NW), S (SE, SW), E , W
    - - Left to right along horizontal line then up vertical line
      - Type of distance
        
        Straight line distances
        
        Winding distances
    - - Types of slope
        
        Concave: gradual to steep
        
        Convex: steep to gradual
      - How to draw a cross section
        
        Strip of paper along transect line. Mark important points - contours, rivers etc. Draw line on grid paper to be x axis - line up paper. Mark height - create y axis. Join up crosses with pencil.
    - - Detail
      - Show land use, distance between places, transport routes, features, relief + shape of land, height above SL
    - - Big scale = less detail + hard to interpret
      - Too hard + time consuming to hand draw
- - - - Add values + divide by number of values
    - - Odd - High-low values - find middle value (n+1 / 2)
      - Even - When there are two middle values = find mean of two values.
  - - - Diff. between highest + lowest value
    - - Diff between upper + lower quartile
    - - Mid point above median
      - UQ = n+1 / 4
    - - Mid point below median
    - - Show range of values
  - - - Spearman's rank
        
        measures strength of relationship btwn 2 sets data
        
        Data ranked
        
        Limitations
        
        Small scale of values +1 to -1
        
        Affected by anomalies
        
        at least 10 values needed