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Stalin's Impact (Economic (Collective Farms (Dekulakisation:…
Stalin's Impact
Economic
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Collective Farms
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Due to introduction of machinery, no need for manual labour in farms: more people available to work in city factories
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Through 3 methods: Force, Terror, Propaganda
Dekulakisation: Liquidation of the entire rich farmer class --> force them to give up their land, crops etc
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Kulaks unwilling to comply were killed, sent to hard labour camps in Siberia
Brigades of people sent to convert these farms and convince kulaks that collectivisation was beneficial
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Results: Bad harvest (contributed to Great Famine in 1932-1933); manpower for the factories increased as more peasants left the countryside as farming was mechanised; by end 1931, 22.8 mil tonnes of grain collected to feed and export
Rapid Industrialisation
Wages, work times etc became fixed
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Eg. Magnitogorsk, industrial city housing the country's largest industrial area etc
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Resulted in consumer good industries being neglected; large wastage of resources due to over and underproduction of items; quantity over quality
Resulted in stressed workers who would mess with figures produced and became disillusioned; workers becoming fearful of not meeting targets as they may lose income and homes etc; only worked due to propaganda, Stakhanovite benefits; eventual economic slowdown when heavy industries slowed down
Social
State control of society
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Fall in Standard of Living: Decreased housing supply; lived in cramped conditions; tired and strained workers
Famine: Resulted when all crops produced were collected back, not enough food for the people to eat --> starvation, state did not help distribute grain stockpiled up during Great Famine, instead exported it for $
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Impact on groups
Women's entry in workforce: promoting independence and equal status to men; contribute equal amounts to movement
Minority groups: lost autonomy; due to priority of modernisation over cultural tradition, Stalin focused more on industrialisation; targeted nationalist leaders of minorities; the Great Famine used to break Ukrainian nationalism
Stakhanovites: promote hard work, and producing above targets; encourage citizens to serve selflessly and sacrifice self for USSR
Compulsory schooling and increased literacy rates: children have free education; however education was full of propaganda and emphasized communism and technical subjects (which could help industrialisation); served Communist Party
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Political
The Great Terror
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Show trials: give whole thing a sense of legitimacy, convicted many of crimes they did not even commit --> to political rivals like Kamenev and Zinoviev, and Red Army soldiers (he feared they would be loyal to Trotsky)
Arrests and interrogations: NKVD arrested random people suspected of anti-Stalin sentiments and either killed or sent them to hard labour camps,
Loss of intellectuals, skilled workers and soldiers: Inexperienced workers and soldiers who owed their success to Stalin (and thus would be loyal to him) were left --> unable to work well and affected ability to fight in WW2
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