Evolution and Population Genetics

Mechanisms of Evolution

Natural Selection

Evolution

Speciation

Biological Diversity

individual level

those with more favored traits will out survive and pass down their genes to the next generation

population level

change in allelic frequencies

emergence of a new species

community level

Hardy Weinberg

1 = p^2+2pq+q^2

p=dominant

q=recessive

p^2 = homozygous dominant

2pq=heterozygous

q^2=homozygous recessive

Criterion for No Evolution

Large Population

No Random Mating

No Migration

No Mutation

No Selection

Mechanisms of Evolution

Genetic Drift

chance changes in allelic frequencies

bottle neck effect

founder effect

Choice Mating

Migration

leads to gene flow

immigration vs. emigration

Mutation

UV Radiation

Carcinogens

Poisions

Natural or Artificial Selection

Rate of Evolution

Gradualism

Charles Darwin's idea that adaptions accumulate leading to unnoticable evolution

Punctuated Equilibrium

idea that there are periods of rapid evolution throughout long periods of no evolution