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Sleep & Cognition (Factors Relating to Sleep (Insight - Wagner et al.,…
Sleep & Cognition
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Sleep Architecture
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Through the night, the brain will go in & out of stages - stage 4 = deepest stage
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Reasons for Sleep
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3 dominant theories sleep is for:
- Cellular restoration
- Energy Conservation
- Consolation of memory & learning
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Sleep Deprivation
Lack of sleep affects many cognitive functions including learning & memory --> Allows to conclude that any difference between groups is not because they are tired
Yoo et al.
Sleep deprivation before learning
Encoding in fMRI scanner involved memorising pictures. Test = discriminating studied from unstudied pictures
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Gais et al.
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Encoding = involved memorising word pairs
Test = recalling the word pairs --> fMRI measured during encoding and all tests
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Medial pre-frontal cortex (mPFC) isn't involved in the storage of memories in the beginning --> later during consolidation
Summary
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Lack of sleep before learning reduces the ability of the hippocampus to encode new info --> Worse recall in deprived than control
Lack of sleep after learning increases forgetting & reduces the activation of the hippocampus during retrieval and changes the way they brain stores the memories in the long-term
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Dreaming & Memory
Hall et al.: PPs asked what they're dreaming about - tend to dream about their day --> Dreams reflect the memories the brain has made
Walmsley et al.
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Some/ no task related thinking:
- Awake - thought about maze - no navigation. improvement
- Sleep & maze dream - massive nav. improvement
- Sleep & no dream - no improvement
PPs had experience whilst falling asleep --> reported during stage 1 sleep (drifting to sleep)
Experiences represent integration with new experiences (info stored in semantic memory)