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Chapter 6: Nonverbal Communication (Functions of Nonverbal Communication…

- - - - For example: The "okay" gesture made by joining thumb and forefinger to form a circle is a cherry affirmation to most Americans, but it less positive meanings in other parts of the world. In France and Belgium it means "You are worth zero". In Greece and Turkey it is a vulgar sexual invitation, usually mean as an insult
      - From my own experience: The “V” Sign. n the US, both ways refer to “victory” and peace In other places, such as in the UK, Australia and South Africa, the same gesture with the back of the hand facing the other person is considered to be an extremely insulting.
  - - - For example compared with men, women: smile more; use more facial expressions; use more head, hand and arm gestures (but less expansive gestures); touch others more; stand closer to others...
- - - - For example: a friend apologizing for forgetting an appointment with you. Your's friend's sincerity will be reinforced if the verbal apology is accompanied by the appropriate nonverbal behavior: the right tone voice, facial expression...
      - Much complementing behaviors consist of illustrators- nonverbal behaviors that accompany and support spoken words.
        
        For example: North American use illustrators most often when they are emotionally aroused-when they are furious, horrified, very agitated, distressed, or excited, and when trying to explain ideas that are difficult to put into words.
  - - - For example: most Americans know that a head nod means "yes", a head shake means means "no", a wave means "hello" or "good-bye"... which can cause great deal of intercutural confusion, as you might imagine.
  - - - For example: parties in a conversation in a conversation often consciously send and receive turn-taking cues. When your are ready to yield the floor (the right or privilege to speak), the unstated rule is as follows: creating a rising vocal intonation pattern, then use a falling intonation pattern, or draw out the final syllable of the clause at the end of your statement. Finally, stop speaking.
  - - - For example the experience we are all had of hearing someone with a red face and bulging veins yelling, "Angry? No, I'm not angry!"
  - - - For example most people become more successful liars as they grow older. High self-monitors (those who readily adapt their behavior to suit the circumstance) are usually better at hiding their deception than communicators who are less self-aware, and rates typically judge highly expressive liars as more honest than those who are more subdued. Not surprisingly, people whose jobs require them to act differently than they feel-such as actors, lawyers, diplomats, and salepeople - are more successful at deception than the general population
    - - For example women are consistently more accurate than men at detecting lying and what the underlying truth is. Or, as people become more intimate, their accuracy in detecting lies actually declines
- - - - The study of the way people and animals use space has been termed proxemics.
        
        Social distance
        
        One of Hall's four distance zone, ranging from 4 to to 12 feet
        
        Public distance
        
        One of Hall's four distance zone, extending outward from 12 feet
        
        Personal distance
        
        One of Hall's four distance zone, ranging from to 4 feet
        
        Territory
        
        fixed space that an individual assumes some right to occupy
        
        Intimate distance
        
        One of Hall's four distance zone, ranging from skin contact to 18 inches
  - - - kinesics: the study of body movement, gesture, and posture
      - Posture is a rich channel for conveying nonverbal information. Gestures are a fundamental element of communication
      - manipulators: movements in which one part of the body grooms, messages, rubs, holds, pinches, picks or otherwise manipulates another part
    - - affect blend: the combination of two or more expression, each showing a different emotion
- - - - For example: relying on nonverbal cues in romantic situations can lead to inaccurate guesses about the partner's interest in a sexual relationship. Workers of the Safeway supermarket chain discovered firsthand the problems with nonverbal ambiguity when they tried to follow the company's new "superior customer service" policy that required them to smile and make eye contact with customers
  - - - For example: whereas verbal messages are almost always intentional, nonverbal cues are often unintended, and sometimes unconscious.
  - - - You can appreciate this fact by thinking about the wide range of ways you could behave when greeting another person.
        
        For example: Depending on the nature of your relationship (or what you want it to be) you could wave, shake hands, nod, smile, pat the person on the back , give a hug, or avoid all contact. Event trying to not communicate can send a message, as when you avoid talking to someone
    - - We can convey emotions nonverbally that we may be unwilling or unable to express in words
        
        For example: people who know you well might recognize that you are shocked, happy, stressed, or sad, even when you are trying to hide hose feelings or when you haven't fully acknowledge them within yourself
      - One reason nonverbal cues are so powerful is that they convey some meanings better than words can. You can prove this for yourself by imagining how could you express each item on the following list nonverbally
        
        For example: You are bored. You are nervous about an coming interview.
      - affect displays: facial expression, body movements, and vocal traits that reveal emotional states
    - - Nonverbal communication plays an important role in this process-in many cases it is more important than verbal communication.
        
        For example: what happens when you attend a party where you likely to meet strangers you would like to get to know better. Instead of projecting your image verbally, you behave in ways will present your identity. You might smile a lot and try to strike a relaxed pose. It is also likely that you will dress carefully-even if the image involves looking as if you hadn't given a lot of attention to your appearance.
  - - - From my own experience: Nonverbal communication have helped me much in communicating, especially when having to use English, which is not my first language, therefore, verbal communication sometimes cannot describe totally what I mean, then I have to use nonverbal communication to support when speaking.