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Types of Tissue Culture (Culture of single cell origin: PROTOPLAST…
Types of Tissue Culture
Organ Culture
Determinate organ
Define size and shape.
Recieve instruction on how to differentiate.
Leaf culture
Stem or node culture
Indeterminate organ
Apical meristems of shoots and roots
Non-flowering shoots
Root
Culture
Nematode infection studies
To grow beneficial mychorrizal fungal
Root nodulation with nitrogen fixing rhizobium bac
Shoot tips culture
Embryo culture
To overcome post zygotic incompatibility
Ovule culture
Anther culture
Meristem culture
To produce virus free plant
Culture of unorganized cells
Callus culture
:explode: From explant cell division
:explode: Culture on agar medium
:explode: PGR: 2,4-D and cytokinin(BAP)
:explode: Callus within 2-3 weeks
:explode: No agitation needed
Cell suspension culture
:star: Consist of single cell and small
groups of cells
:star: Culture suspended on liquid media
:star: PGR: 2,4-D only
:star: Faster growth than callus culture
:star: Agitation needed at 10-250 rpm
Culture of single cell origin:
PROTOPLAST
Isolation
method
Mechanical
Breaking open cell wall
Enzymatic
Digesting cell wall with enzyme (
pactinase,cellulase,hemicellulase
)
Mechanical + Enzymatic
Uses
Somatic Hybridization
Cybrids And Hybrids
Transformation
Genetic Variants
Somatic Hybridization Technique
Advantages of
Somatic Hybridization
Production of interspecific and intergenic hybrid
Production of fertile diploid and polyploid from sexually sterile haploids, triploids, and aneuploids
Transfer gene for disease resistance, abiotic, stress resistance, herbicides resistance, etc.
Production of heterozygous lines in the single species which cannot be propagated by vegetative mean
Studies on the fate of plasma genes
Production of unique hybrids of nucleus cytoplasm
Problem and Limitation of Somatic Hybrization
Requires efficient plant regeneration system
Lacks of efficient selection method
The end product often unbalance
SH of 2 diploids lead to the formation of amphiploids which is generally unfavourable
Regeneration product are often variable
Protoplast
Fusion
Spontaneous
Intergeneric
Intraspecific
Induced
Mechanical
Chemofusion
Electrofusion
Fusion of
two different protoplast
Cybrid
Containing nucleus from one sources and mitochondrial genome from another source
Hybrids
Biological offspring resulting from cross breeding different entities genetic material from both parent cell