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Assistive Technologies for Intervention https://youtu.be/b0udSG_OyT0 …

- - - - Voice Output Communication Aids (VOCAs): Talk Pad, Language Master, Bic Mac, Audio Taping, Voice in the Box
        Technology Teaching Strategies-Autistic children are motivated by these types of devices because they are interactive. The child must press a button, the machine speaks a command or request from the child, and then the child completes the command or is granted the request. Stokes (n.d.) explains that VOCAs use in autistic children increased requests, questions, social comments, gestures, and partner interaction.
        
        Targeted Skills-Language comprehension, expressive communication, social, attending (motivation), and organization
    - - Technology Teaching Strategies-Communication boards such as: visual schedules, activity schedules, calendars, international "No" symbol , directions, rules, alternate behavior, Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), "Wait" card
        
        Targeted Skills-Comprehension of tasks, activities, and situations to improve organization, attending, self help, following directions, following rules and modifying behavior.
        #
    - - Technology Teaching Strategies-In general, autistic children are interested in watching stimulating videos. They can be played on many different electronic devices. They enjoy repeatedly watching the same videos because they like the predictability. Choosing the right videos is great way to teach many skills. According to Stokes (n.d.), research on autistic children and the use of computers showed and increase in: focused attention, overall attention span, in-seat behavior, fine motor skills, and generalization skills. A decrease was found in agitation, self-stimulatory behaviors, and perseverative responses.
        
        Targeted Skills-Language comprehension, expressive language, social, self-help, emotions, and academics
- - - - regular speech, language, and auditory training from a specialist
      - favorable seating in the class to facilitate speechreading
      - captioned films/videos
      - the assistance of a notetaker who takes written notes so that the student with a hearing loss can fully attend to instruction
      - instruction for the teacher and peers in alternate communication methods such as sign language
      - services of an interpreter for those students who use one or more visual communication modes
      - Regular services by:
        
        Audiologists are professionals who diagnose, treat, and manage individuals with hearing loss.
        
        Teachers of the Hearing Impaired are specially trained educators who provide educational support to the student, the family, and other educators.
        
        Speech-Language Pathologists provide treatment for speech and language disorders.
        
        Interpreters are specially training individuals who relay to the student anything that is said in the class by employing communication processes such as repetition, sign language, fingerspelling, body language, and verbal expression.
- - - - Touch cues
      - Object symbols
      - Gestures
      - Picture symbols
      - Fingerspelling
      - Braille
      - Lip-reading speech
      - Tadoma method of speech reading
- - - - Assistive Technology should attempt to address the following
        Technology for People with Intellectual Disabilities. (2005, May). Retrieved from http://web.mnstate.edu/anderkev/at-dcd.doc
        
        Enables an individual to perform functions that can be achieved by no other means.
        
        Enables an individual to approximate normal fluency, rate, or standards--a level of accomplishment that could not be achieved by any other means.
        
        Provides access for participation in programs or activities which otherwise would be closed to the individual.
        
        Increases endurance or ability to persevere and complete tasks that otherwise are too laborious to be attempted on a routine basis.
        
        Enables an individual to concentrate on learning or employment tasks, rather than mechanical tasks.
        
        Provides greater access to information.
        
        Supports normal social interactions with peers and adults.
        
        Supports participation in the least restrictive educational environment.
      - Areas where Assistive Technology play a role
        Technology for People with Intellectual Disabilities. (2005, May). Retrieved from http://web.mnstate.edu/anderkev/at-dcd.doc
        
        Communication. For individuals who cannot communicate with their voices technology can help them communicate. Augmentative and alternative communication (ACC) may involve technology ranging from low-tech message boards to computerized voice output communication aids and synthesized speech. # #
        
        Mobility. Simple to sophisticated computer controlled wheelchairs and mobility aids are available. Technology may be used to aid direction-finding, guiding users to destinations. Computer cueing systems and robots have also been used to guide users with intellectual disabilities. #
        
        Environmental control. Assistive technology can help people with severe or multiple disabilities to control electrical appliances, audio/video equipment such as home entertainment systems or to do something as basic as lock and unlock doors. #
        
        Activities of daily living. Technology is assisting people with disabilities to successfully complete everyday tasks of self-care. Examples include:
        
        Automated and computerized dining devices allow an individual who needs assistance at mealtime to eat more independently.
        
        Audio prompting devices may be used to assist a person with memory difficulties to complete a task or to follow a certain sequence of steps from start to finish in such activities as making a bed or taking medication.
        
        Video-based instructional materials can help people learn functional life skills such as grocery shopping, writing a check, paying the bills or using the ATM machine.
        
        Education. Technology is used in education to aid communication, support activities of daily living and to enhance learning. Computer-assisted instruction can help in many areas, including word recognition, math, spelling and even social skills. Computers have also been found to promote interaction with non-disabled peers.
        
        Employment. Technology, such as video-assisted training, is being used for job training and job skill development and to teach complex skills for appropriate job behavior and social interaction. Prompting systems using audio cassette recorders and computer-based prompting devices have been used to help workers stay on task. Computerized prompting systems can help people manage their time in scheduling job activities.
        
        Sports and recreation. Toys can be adapted with switches and other technologies to facilitate play for children. Computer or video games provide age-appropriate social opportunities and help children learn cognitive and eye-hand coordination skills. Specially designed Internet-access software can help people with intellectual disabilities access the World Wide Web. Exercise and physical fitness can be supported by video-based technology.
    - - Use physical and verbal prompting to guide correct responses, and provide specific verbal praise to reinforce these responses
      - Always provide multiple opportunities to practice skills in a number of different settings
      - Teach students in small groups, or one-on-one, if possible
      - Teach one step at a time to help support memorization and sequencing
      - Teach one concept or activity component at a time
- - - - Example Areas
        Developmental Delay. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.healthofchildren.com/D/Developmental-Delay.html
        
        Speech and language delay
        
        Global developmental delay #
        
        Hearing loss #
        
        Autism #
        
        Musculature dysfunction
        
        Verbal difficulties #
        
        Neurological or medical conditions
        
        Motor delay
- - - - Teaching Strategies: : Accommodations to the classroom with largely depend on the student and should be individualized according to their specific needs. Understand that it is hard for these students to become as independent as they are capable of being. Maintaining materials and desks in consistent locations will help students navigate a classroom. Instructions should be designed so that students have the most opportunity to act independently. Sitting students near the front of the room and controlling lighting during presentations can be helpful for a student with visual impairments. Having access to textbooks is probably the most important aspect of learning for these students whether that is large print textbooks, braille textbooks, or audio books. #
- - - - Text to Speech Software
      - OCR software applications
      - Screen reading software
      - Audiobooks
    - - Portable Word Processors
      - Auditory Word Processing Software
      - Word Prediction Programs
      - Graphical Word Processors
      - On Screen Keyboards
      - Voice Recognition Software
      - Organizational/outlining/drafting software
      - Online writing support
      - https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=21&v=hu2Q2LEGC7c
- - - - The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) officially defines speech and language impairments as “a communication disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.”
        
        Speech and Language Impairments Defined. (n.d.). Retrieved May 6, 2018, from https://www.specialeducationguide.com/disability-profiles/speech-and-language-impairments/
        
        Assistive Technologies:
        
        Accommodations:
        
        -Working with a Speech Language Pathologist (SLP) in the classroom.
        -Using a high-tech AAC device to communicate with classmates and participate in small group discussions.
        
        Augmentative And Alternative Communication (AAC)
        High Tech - devices that can speak for a person with a touchscreen or buttons.
        Basic - using pen and paper to point to letters, words or symbols.
        Unaided Systems - Body language, gestures, sign language.
        
        Stuttering
        
        Impaired Articulation
        
        Language Impairment
        
        Voice Impairment
        
        What is AAC?
- - - - Ability to communicate with
        a teacher or classmate
      - Discerning intelligence level
      - Student's capability to function
        in a classroom
      - Assessing or compensating for hearing
        and language disabilities
    - - Assistive Technologies
        
        Speech-to-text apps
        
        Apps that support the pre-writing and writing process
        
        Curricula that offer differentiated options for styles and abilities
      - Alternative Communication
        
        Text-to-speech technologies
        
        Hearing aids
        
        Sign language
      - Physical Therapy
      - Occupational therapy
    - - Hampered Speech
      - Difficulty communicating
      - Challenges with mobility
      - Seizures
- - - - Hyperactivity
      - Aggression or self-injurious behaviour
      - Withdrawal
      - Immaturity
      - Learning difficulties
      - Excessive Anxiety
      - Bizarre motor acts
      - Abnormal mood swings
    - - Students with anxiety disorders display an irrational fear of everyday situations
        
        PTSD
        
        Panic disorder
        
        Social anxiety disorder
      - Bipolar disorder
        
        Overly high and/or irritable to sad and hopeless and then back again
        
        Severe changes in energy and behaviour
        
        Can be treated with medication and therapy
      - Conduct disorder
        
        Agression to people and animals
        
        Destruction of property
        
        deseitfulness, lying, or stealing
        
        Truancy or other serious violations of the rules
      - Eating disorders
        
        Anorexia
        
        Bulimia
        
        Binge Eating
      - Psychotic disorders
        
        Delusions
        
        Hallucinatons
        
        Schizophrenia
    - - medication
      - psychotherapy
      - CBT
- - - - -Simplify steps in complex projects/assignments
      - -Give extra time during tests and assignments
      - -Make goals clear and simple
      - -Keep daily and weekly schedules as consistent as possible
      - -Seat students in least distracting area of classroom