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Electricity stuffs (Series (Resistance (Resistance adds up - the sum of…
Electricity stuffs
Series
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If one thing is disconnected, the circuit will break
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Current
Is the same everywhere - the size of the current is determined by the potential difference and the resistance - I = V / R
Resistance
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This is because by adding a resistor they have to share the potential difference - the potential difference across each resistor is lower, and as current is constant the resistance must increase
Parallel
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If a component is removed, this doesn't affect the others
Potential difference
The potential difference is the same across all components - eg. identical bulbs connected in parallel will be at the same brightness
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Current
Current is shared between branches - the total current is the sum of the all the component's colours
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If two identical components are connected in parallel then the same current will flow through each component
Resistance
If you have two resistors in parallel, their total resistance is smaller than the resistance of the smallest of the two
In parallel, both resistors have the same potential difference across them
This means the force making the current flow is the same mas the source potential difference for each resistor added
By adding another loop, the current has more than one direction to go in
This increases the current that can flow around the circuit, and as V = IR, an increase in current means a decrease in the total resistance of the circuit
Circuit devices
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Thermistor
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In hot conditions, the temperature drops
In cold conditions, the resistance increases
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Ohmic conductor
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At constant temperature, the current flowing through an ohmic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it (R is constant in V = IR)
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Filament lamp
When an electrical charge flows through a filament lamp, it transfers some energy to to the thermal energy store of the filament which is designed to heat up.
Resistance increases with temperature, so as the current increases, the filament lamp heats up more, so resistance increases
The graph is a curve as when the current increases at a increasing rate, the temp increases, so the resistance increases, so less current can flow - the current increases then starts to increase at a decreasing rate
Diode
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Will let current flow in one direction with no resistance, but have a very high resistance in the other direction
On a graph - the diode has a very high resistance in one direction - steep curve increasing at a rapidly increasing rate but only on one side of the graph
Power
In electrical circuits, the charge does work against the resistance of the circuit
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