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Why did opposition develop and how effective was it? (1855-1917)…
Why did opposition develop and how effective was it? (1855-1917)
Alexander II
Peasant uprisings
647 uprisings after emancipation
Plekhanov
Founded Black Partition in 1879
Founded Emancipation of Labour in 1883
Founded Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1898
Bakunin
Translated Marx's Communist Manifesto into Russian in 1869
Tchaikovsky Circle
1860s
Published and distributed revolutionary and scientific literature
Narodniks (Populists)
2,000 'go to the people' 1,600 arrested, 1877
Third Section
Reforms allowing for growth in revolutionary groups
Judicial
Acquitting Vera Zasulich (1878)
Assassination attempts
Karakazov-1866
Soloviev
Berezowski
The People's Will-1881 :explode:
Land and Liberty
The People's Will
Black Partition
Alexander III
Russification
Expelling 10,000 Jews from Moscow in 1891 (had legally settled there under Alexander II)
Pogroms, Black Hundreds
Nicholas II
Duma
Giving voice to opposition, especially 1st and 2nd
But power limited by Fundamental Laws
Nationality groups
Finns and Poles demanding self-determination
Vyborg Manifesto
No one really cared
1905
Mutiny of Potemkin
1905 Revolution
October Manifesto appeased liberals (split opposition)
Bloody Sunday
Army still stays loyal
1917
February Revolution
Mutiny of Petrograd Garrison
International Woman's Day
Putilov Steelwork strike
Provisional Government