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The Crucible (Puritan Salem (theocracy: religion and law (no distinction…
The Crucible
Puritan Salem
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Calvinism
The Calvinist work ethic - a concept which emphasises that hard work, discipline and frugality are a result of a person's subscription to the values espoused by the Protestant faith (coined by Max Weber 1904-1905)
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The word - Bible, property deeds, contracts - marriage as a contract - severe punishments for those who sinned
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1692-93 witchcraft trials - 20 executed, 5 died in prison
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critics
Abbotson
'Proctor represents the voice of common sense in the play, being rightly sceptical of the whole procedure' (125)
'One issue which concerns Miller is the tension people experience between conscience and their predilection towards selfishness' (129)
'Total freedom, Miller suggests, is largely a myth in any working society' (130)
'both sets of hearings had a definite structure behind them, designed to make people publically confess' (131)
Abigail - 'she creates for herself a position of respect outside of the more usual marriage, by becoming the voice of accusation which all fear' (135)
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Adler
Savran - 'The Crucible condemns, those authorities who exercise their power arrogantly and arbitrarily to ensure their own continued political and cultural dominion' (89)
'one inheritance from Puritanism, Miller suggests, is the continuing application of religious categories to political actions' (96)
'the notion of one's name assumes a talismanic power in Miller: an outward sign of an inner integrity' (101)
Schissel
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'implicit in Puritan theology, in Miller's version of the Salem witch trials, and all too frequent in the society which has produced Miller's critics is gynecphobia - fear and distrust of women(461)
'the girls are the inheritors of Eve's sin, and their bodies are their reminders' (464)
'the lie fits the stereotype - woman as liar, woman as schemer woman as witch sealing the fate of man the would-be hero' (468)
Murphy
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'Miller was trying to define a tradition that would encompass both the psychological and the social' (14)
Miller
'tragic mode is archaic, fit only for the very highly placed'
'tragedy, then, is the consequence of a man's total compulsion to evaluate himself justly'
'insistence upon the rank of the tragic hero, or the so-called nobility of his character, is really but a clinging to the outward forms of tragedy'
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