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遺傳工程技術 2018.05.01 (Genetic engineering (Basic genetic engineering steps…
遺傳工程技術
2018.05.01
Genetic engineering
Insect resistant Tomato (Flavr Savr)
剪基因
插vector
用細菌複製
塞到金粒上
裝子彈
上膛
射進去
質體跟細胞結合
細胞生長
移植
Basic genetic engineering steps
Recombinant DNA
DNA or RNA isolation
分離組織
分解細胞
把DNA抓住
洗去其他東西
回溶
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Gel Electrophoresis
Cutting by restriction enzyme
Insertion and Ligation
Transformation and selection
Regulation of gene expression
跨物種:transgenic
同物種:cisgenic
剔除基因:gene knockout
DNA transfection in mammalian cells
Lipid-based transfection:把DNA coat 起來,然後再用endocytosis進去
5個步驟:附著->包吞->從endocome出來->進入核中->表現
Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and Small interfering RNA (siRNA)
shRNA是一個具有hairpin turn的人工RNA分子,藉由RNAi來阻擋目標基因表現
siRNA是一個雙股的RNA,也是透過RNAi來阻擋
RISC結合在雙股DNA上面,然後帶著一股RNA去分解其他人
Western blotting
Sample
Endogenous RNA interference
細胞自己的,miRNAs function via base-pairing with complementary sequences within mRNA molecules. As a result, these mRNA molecules are silenced.
microRNA
一個不會編碼的RNA,大概22個左右
真核動物根植物,以及DNA病毒會用
DNA cloning
reproducing DNA fragments
可以分成細胞做或是PCR兩種方式
VECTORS:
可以自主複製
有marker來辨識
獨特的限制酶切位
不必要的基因最小化
Disadvantages:
不能放太大,1k以內
效率差
5個步驟:切掉目標基因跟vector,之後再連結、丟進細胞、養細胞。
EXPRESSION VECTORS:
需要vivo promoter
還有amphicillin selection
sequence primers
Gene Library: 把單一個物種的genomicDNA給收集起來
genomicDNA
whole genes w/ promoters & introns (Euk.), operons
(bacteria), DNA regulatory elements…
cDNA Library
mRNA transcript only w/ 5’ & 3’ untranslated regions
(UTRs), no introns, tissue specific.