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Gender (Overall academic achievement (WHY? (The female verbal advantage,…

- - - - e.g.
        
        Science professionals
        
        Research
        
        Engineering Technicians
        
        ICT/ IT
        
        Building/ skilled construction
      - A-level choices: STEM majority male (only Biology majority female at 59%... Physics 21% female)
      - Undergraduate degree choices: STEM majority male - but less than A levels (Medicine 82% female, Biological science 59% ...but... Physical science 41% and Engineering 14%)
      - ? If Undergraduate choices are more balanced across genders... might this suggest bias in job recruitment and promotions etc?
      - ... this shows a tendency to choose non STEM subjects and a supports preference theory
      - STEM - only 14.4% of occupations (majority only in health sectors)
    - - Men prefer working with 'things' (82%) women prefer working with 'people' (75%)
      - Men have interests in "realistic, investigative" and women have interests in "social, artistic and conventional"
  - - - Or are English etc also gender-bias/ stereotyped?
- - - - Looking at A* to C results in GCSE - no difference, whereas PISA found difference in their unique test which was more applied quesitons
    - - some countries have no gender differences in maths e.g. Russia, China... some have an inverse relationship than the UK - with girls outperforming boys e.g. Thailand/ Myanmar area
    - - Gap fluctuates - reduced in more recent years?
- - - - girls more self-discipline, more mastery goals
      - Boys more disruptive, less likely to do homework, less likely to read for enjoyment - link to verbal/ language skills
      - Boys being punished for their "natural" behaviour? e.g. disruptiveness/ rough and tumble play?