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Maud Rise (MaudNESS Observations (Turbulence (VAMPIRE - vertical momentum…

- - - - suspend instruments down on crane
      - buoy profiles whole water depth
  - - - requires strong ice flow to be >200m from ship engine
      - Measures fine scale turbulence via acoustics
      - so sensitive to disturbance from below
  - - - ice breaker breaks up ice & bulldozes forward as blocks
      - ∴ gauge thickness of blocks from decks & estimate % horizon covered
  - - - sea ice transmits wind stress from miles around
      - pushing ice bergs along