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CHAPTER 13 QUALITY MANAGEMENT ((1) Quality and Quality Attributes (a)…
CHAPTER 13
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
(1) Quality and Quality Attributes
c) Features
A distinctive attribute or aspect of a product
d) Safety
The control of recognized hazards in order to achieve an
acceptable level of risk
b) Performance
The action or process of performing a task or function
a) Durability
The ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage
The ability to endure expected conditions over time
For example, a spacecraft that can endure the stresses of multiple launches and reentries to be reused over the course of several decades.
(4) Reliability
The ability of a component or product to work for a
specified amount of time.
(2) Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance is a way of preventing mistakes or defects in manufactured products and avoiding problems when delivering solutions or services to customers
(3) Quality Control
Quality Control is a process by which entities review
the quality of all factors involved in production
(5) Product Life Cycle
The system of strategic processes employed to reduce the cost of getting a product to market, efficiently scale to meet market demand, extend the duration of the profitable years of your product's maturity and continue maximum profitability as product sales begin to decline.
Product Life Cycle management is the succession of strategies used by business management as a product goes through it life cycle
(7) Quality Problem Solving Tools
PDSA
Do
Implement the change on small scale and measure the effects
Study
Study the results to learn what effect the change had, if any
Plan
Plan a change to the process. Predict the effect this change will have and plan how the effects will be measured
Act
Adopt the change as a permanent modification to the process or abandon it
Quality Tools
Scatter Chart
Example :
• Graphical presentation of correlation
• Functions
• Fitting of curves
• Finding and presenting relations
Pareto Chart
Example :
• Grouping by importance
• 20/80 – rule
• Search for the most important variables
• Eliminate the most powerful – quick
results
• Reply the analysis – new elimination
Histogram
Example :
Normal distribution
• Slanted distribution
• Distribution with two peak values
Control Chart
Example :
• Time scheme of the process
• Process changes
• Control limits
• Tolerance limits
• Performance indicators
• Administrative part
• Data collecting part
Check Sheet
Example :
• Well designed form
• Collecting data
• Analysing data
• Flexible
1. Cause and Effect Diagram
Example :
• Ishikawa diagram
• Fishbone diagram
• Cause and Effect Analysis
• Grouping ideas
• Root cause analysis
(6) Quality and Costs
Cost of Non-Conformance
Errors in Production
Warranty claim
Loss in reputation
Cost of Conformance
Regular Monitoring
Machinery
Training