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Analgesia - Pain (NT and NM (Opioid Peptides in vivo (Nocistatin…

- - - - Receptors
        
        NK1
        
        Substance P
        
        NK2
        
        Neurokinin A, neuropeptide K
        
        NK3
        
        Neurokinin B
  - - - Leu-encephalins
      - Met-encephalins
    - - Endogenous ligand for OLR1 (Opioid-like receptor 1)
        
        Induces both allodynia, hyperalgesia
    - - Bioactive peptide, nociceptin precursor
      - Blocks action of nociceptin
      - Attenuates pain induced by PGE2
      - Does not bind to nociceptin receptor, binds to the membrane of brain and spinal cord with high affinity
    - - Atypical structure compared to other opioid peptides
      - affinity for mu receptor
- - - - Excites nociceptive nerve terminals
        
        Causes degeneration, takes days to weeks to recover
        
        Depletes substance P
        
        After first stimulation, desensitises nociceptive channels to itself and other nociceptive stimuli
  - - - Act as autocoids
        
        Produce
        
        Pain
        
        Vasodilation
        
        Tissue permeability
        
        Stimulates mediators
        
        Prostaglandins
        
        Enhances the effect of kinins in inflammation
        
        Do not cause pain per se
        
        Inhibit K channels
        
        Facilitates opening of nociceptive-trigger channels
        
        NO
        
        EDHF
      - Receptors
        
        B1
        
        Kinin metabolites
        
        Low levels normally, upregulated in inflammation
        
        B2
        
        Endogenous kinins
        
        Activates TRPV1 channel
- - - - Actual
      - Potential