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Circulation 2 (Blood Cells (Red Blood Cells (~44%) (Hemoglobin (transports…

- - - - mount immune response to tell body something is invading
      - engulf microorganisms and debris
  - - - arrive at place of injury
      - platelets release clotting factor, triggers enzyme to convert coagulant factor from inactive to active form
      - breaks in blood vessel attracts platelets
      - Coagulant aggregates into threads that form clot structure
      - complicated process that leads to a cascade of events
  - - - transports O2
      - Iron containing protein
  - - - Maintain osmotic balance
      - Affect muscle and nerve activity
      - buffer (maintain pH of) blood
    - - act in defense as antibodies
      - Have clotting factors
      - buffer (maintain pH of) blood
- - - - Blood flows back to heart at much lower pressure--> doesn't require as much support
      - same tissue composition (just thinner and narrower)
  - - - arterioles flow will set pace for capillary flow, sphincters opening and closing will help flow as well
      - Flow regulated by arterioles and sphincters
    - - Osmotic gradient between interstitial fluid and vessel pulls fluid back into capillaries
        
        blood pressure trumps diffusion--> lose fluid
        
        not a 1 for 1 exchange
      - Net loss of fluid returned by lymphatic system--> takes up fluid from interstitial fluid and carries it back to circulatory system
      - Hose in waterbottle example
    - - Thin walls: just endothelium and basal lamia (protects endothelium)--> thin walls facilitate easy gas exchange
      - just slightly larger than a red blood cell in diameter
- - - - increase in total cross-sectional area (like in capillaries) actually leads to increase in diameter, which slows velocity
      - Velocity not related to diameter of individual vessels, but of the collection of vessels